International Journal of Horticulture, 2024, Vol.14, No.6, 414-425 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/ijh 421 can be effectively managed using fungicides like tebuconazole and prochloraz. Additionally, maintaining optimal storage conditions, such as low temperatures and high humidity, can help preserve fruit quality and extend shelf life (Li et al., 2022a). Innovative approaches to utilizing dragon fruit by-products, such as peels, can also contribute to sustainable post-harvest management. The peels are rich in pectin and dietary fiber, which can be extracted and used in various applications, including bioplastics and natural dyes, thereby reducing waste and adding value to the fruit (Taharuddin et al., 2023). 6 Digitalization and Precision Management in Dragon Fruit Cultivation 6.1 Smart irrigation and environmental monitoring The application of the Internet of Things (IoT) in dragon fruit cultivation has revolutionized traditional farming practices by enabling real-time monitoring of soil and climate data. This technology allows for precise control over irrigation schedules, ensuring that the plants receive the optimal amount of water, which is particularly beneficial given the varying water requirements of dragon fruit across different ecological conditions (Goenaga et al., 2020; Trindade et al., 2023). By integrating sensors that measure soil moisture, temperature, and humidity, farmers can make data-driven decisions to enhance crop yield and quality. This approach not only conserves water but also improves the overall efficiency of the cultivation process, making it more sustainable and cost-effective (Figure 5) (Trivellini et al., 2020; Trindade et al., 2023). Trivellini et al. (2020) experimented with management methods for Hylocerius species, from propagation to greenhouse cultivation, combined with smart irrigation and environmental monitoring technology. By adjusting water supply based on real-time monitored greenhouse data (such as soil moisture, temperature, and light intensity), growers can better understand the microclimate conditions affecting plant growth. This enables precise cultivation practices, such as trellis building, pruning, and flowering control, further optimizing growth conditions and fruit quality for dragon fruit. Figure 5 Overview of the whole chain approach, from propagation to the greenhouse cultivation of species belonging to the genus Hylocerius spp (Adopted from Trivellini et al., 2020) 6.2 Drones and remote sensing technology Drones and remote sensing technology have emerged as powerful tools in the monitoring and management of dragon fruit cultivation. These technologies enable farmers to conduct aerial surveys of their fields, providing detailed images and data on plant health, growth stages, and pest and disease conditions. For instance, drones equipped with multi-spectral cameras can detect early signs of stress in plants, allowing for timely intervention and reducing the risk of crop loss (Li et al., 2022a; Tel-Zur, 2022). Additionally, remote sensing can be used for yield estimation, helping farmers to plan their harvests more effectively and optimize their supply chain (Goenaga et al., 2020; Trivellini et al., 2020). The use of drones thus enhances the precision and efficiency of farm management practices, contributing to higher productivity and better quality produce.
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