International Journal of Horticulture, 2024, Vol.14, No.6, 394-404 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/ijh 401 and improved practices used by them was statistically significant at a 5% level of significance. This showed that the higher the education level, the higher the extent of adoption. The reason for the increasing extent of adoption with increased level of education might be due to farmers having more education can better manage the problems and hence can get profit resulting in more adoption of improved production technology. Table 10 Distribution of respondents according to their level of education and adoption level of improved ginger production technology Adoption level The education level of respondents Total Chi-square value P value Illiterate Literate SLC or above Low adopter 18 (13.2) 21 (22.8) 9 (12.0) 48 (48.0) 6.594** 0.037 at df 2 High adopter 4 (8.8) 17 (15.2) 11 (8) 32 (32.0) Total 22 (22.0) 38 (38.0) 20 (20.0) 80 (80.0) Note: The figure in parenthesis indicates the expected frequency, and ** denotes significance at a 5% level of significance 3.7.4 Family size The study revealed that medium (5-7) family sizes were likely to be high adopters of improved ginger production technology (Table 11). The calculated value of chi-square (1.511) was statistically non-significant. The result indicated that there was no significant association between family size and the adoption of improved ginger production technology. Table 11 Distribution of respondents by their family size and adoption level of improved ginger production technology (N=80) Adoption level Family size Total Chi-square value P value Less than 5 5-7 Above 7 Low adopter 7 (8.4) 32 (29.4) 9 (10.2) 48 (48.0) 1.511 0.470 at df 2 High adopter 7 (5.6) 17 (19.6) 8 (6.8) 32 (32.0) Total 14 (14.0) 49 (49.0) 17 (17.0) 80 (80.0) Note: The figure in parenthesis indicates the expected frequency 3.7.5 Training participation of respondents The study revealed that trained respondents were likely to be high adopters of improved ginger production technology. Table 12 showed that the calculated chi-square (10.342) was statistically significant at a 1% level of significance. Training was significantly associated with adoption level. This result indicated that the higher the number of training received by farmers higher the level of adoption of improved ginger production technology. Table 12 Distribution of respondents based on participation in training and adoption level of improved ginger production technology Adoption level Distribution of respondents Total Chi-square value P value Training not received Training received Low adopter 39 (32.4) 9 (15.6) 48 (48.0) 10.342*** 0.001 at df 1 High adopter 15 (21.6) 17 (10.4) 32 (32.0) Total 54 (54.0) 26 (26.0) 80 (80.0) Note: The figure in parenthesis indicates the expected frequency, and *** denotes significance at a 1% level of significance (Source: Field Survey, 2021) 3.7.6 Contact with extension agents The study revealed that farmers who were in frequent contact with extension agents were likely to be high adopters of improved ginger production technology. Table 13 showed that the calculated chi-square (6.086) was statistically significant at a 5% level of significance. The study indicated that contact with extension agents was significantly positively associated with the level of adoption of improved ginger production technology. There
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