International Journal of Horticulture, 2024, Vol.14, No.6, 394-404 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/ijh 398 respondents' backgrounds and were pivotal in assessing the level of adoption of improved ginger production technologies. 3.2 Description of extension-related factors The extension-related factors examined in this study area were training related to ginger cultivation and contact with extension agents. It was found that the majority of the respondents i.e., 67.5% had not received training related to improved ginger production technology (Table 2). Table 2 Distribution of respondents based on participation in training Farmer’s participation in training Frequency Percent (%) Training received 26 32.5 Training not received 54 67.5 Total 80 100.0 Source: Field Survey, 2021 Table 3 showed that only 25% of the respondents were not in contact with extension agents, rest 75% of the respondents were in contact. Table 3 Distribution of respondents based on contact with extension agents Contact with extension agents Frequency Percent (%) In contact 60 75 Not in contact 20 25 Total 80 100.0 Source: Field Survey, 2021 3.3 Description of ginger cultivation-related factors 3.3.1 Information source for ginger farming Having access to reliable information is important for enhancing ginger farming. Results showed that the majority of the farmers (75%) rely on fellow farmers for cultivation knowledge that emphasizes the value of peer learning (Table 4). Furthermore, 21.3% of farmers attended formal training sessions offered by NGOs or extension organizations, highlighting the importance of structured learning for skill development. ICT-based information sources were used by just 3.8% of respondents, which indicates limited adoption which may be caused by low digital literacy or poor connectivity in rural areas. Peer learning remains dominant over other sources of information for ginger farming. However, there is potential for increased ICT use to enhance the dissemination of agricultural knowledge. Table 4 Information source for ginger farming Information source Frequency Percent (%) Fellow farmers 60 75.0 Training 17 21.3 ICT 3 3.8 Total 80 100.0 Source: Field Survey, 2021 3.3.2 Ginger production and income per year from ginger It was found that the average production of ginger in the study area was 476.06 kg with a minimum of 200 kg and a maximum of 1,200 kg. 3.3.3 Active population, year of experience, and area under ginger cultivation The results showed that the average number of active populations in a family involved in ginger cultivation was 2.6375 with a minimum of 2 and a maximum number of 4 (Table 5). Similarly, the average year of experience of
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