International Journal of Horticulture, 2024, Vol.14, No.6, 343-354 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/ijh 346 3.2 Applications of seed oil in the food industry The high nutritional value and health benefits of Xanthoceras sorbifoliumseed oil make it a promising candidate for the food industry. Its high content of unsaturated fatty acids, particularly oleic and linoleic acids, makes it suitable for use as a premium edible oil. The oil's balanced fatty acid profile and antioxidant properties can appeal to health-conscious consumers looking for natural and nutritious cooking oils (Zheng et al., 2022). Additionally, the oil's high stability and resistance to oxidation make it a viable option for various culinary applications. Furthermore, the oil's rich composition of essential fatty acids and antioxidants positions it well for the health food market. Products such as dietary supplements, fortified foods, and functional foods can benefit from the inclusion of Xanthoceras seed oil. The presence of bioactive compounds like tocopherols and sterols enhances the oil's appeal as a health-promoting ingredient (Wu et al., 2020). The potential for developing a range of health food products using Xanthoceras seed oil is significant, given the growing consumer demand for natural and functional foods. 3.3Use of Xanthoceras oil in bioenergy Xanthoceras sorbifoliumseed oil also holds promise as a renewable energy source, particularly in the production of biodiesel (Table 1) (Yao et al., 2013). The oil's high content of unsaturated very long-chain fatty acids makes it suitable for biodiesel production, offering a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels (Venegas-Calerón et al., 2017). The use of Xanthoceras oil for biodiesel can contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on non-renewable energy sources. The oil's physicochemical properties, such as its high oxidation stability and favorable fatty acid composition, enhance its suitability for biodiesel production (Table 2) (Yao et al., 2013). Studies have shown that the oil can be efficiently converted into biodiesel with good performance characteristics. Additionally, the cultivation of Xanthoceras sorbifolium on marginal lands, which are not suitable for food crops, provides an environmentally friendly approach to bioenergy production without competing with food resources (Venegas-Calerón et al., 2017). This dual-purpose application of Xanthoceras oil in both the food and energy sectors underscores its economic potential and contribution to sustainable agriculture. Table 1 Fatty acid profile of Xanthoceras sorbifoliumoil compared with other vegetable oils (Adapted from Yao et al., 2013) Fatty acid (n:m)a Xanthoceras sorbifolium Palm Sunflower Soybean Jatropha Cottonseed Lauric (12:0) - 0.1 - - - - Myristic (14:0) - 0.7 - - - 1.2 Palmitic (16:0) 5.2 36.7 6.2 11.3 14.1 29 Palmitoleic (16:1) - 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.8 Margaric (17:0) - - - - - 0.2 Stearic (18:0) 2.2 6.6 3.7 3.6 6.8 5.9 Oleic (18:1) 28.6 46.1 25.2 24.9 38.6 9.8 Linoleic (18:2) 43.3 8.6 63.1 53 36 50.2 Linolenic (18:3) 0.5 0.3 0.2 6.1 0.2 - Arachidic (20:0) 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.8 Gadoleic (20:1) 6.8 0.2 0.2 0.3 - 0.4 Heneicosanoic (21:0) 0.4 - - - - - Behenic (22:0) 0.6 0.1 0.7 - - 0.5 Erucic (22:1) 8.7 - 0.1 0.3 - 1.1 Tricosanoic (23:0) - - - - - 0.1 Lignoceric (24:0) 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 3.6 0.2 Nervonic (24:1) 3 - - - - 0.1 Note: a n:m=no. of carbon atoms: unsaturated centers
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