International Journal of Horticulture, 2024, Vol.14, No.3, 195-206 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/ijh 195 Research Report Open Access Optimizing Engineered SynComs for Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA): From Theory to Commercialization Dandan Huang Hainan Institute of Biotechnology, Haikou, 570206, Hainan, China Corresponding email: 3196820059@qq.com International Journal of Horticulture, 2024, Vol.14, No.3 doi: 10.5376/ijh.2024.14.0022 Received: 10 Apr., 2024 Accepted: 25 Jun., 2024 Published: 03 Jul., 2024 Copyright © 2024 Huang, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Huang D.D., 2024, Optimizing engineered SynComs for controlled environment agriculture (CEA): from theory to commercialization, International Journal of Horticulture, 14(3): 195-206 (doi: 10.5376/ijh.2024.14.0022) Abstract This study synthesizes research findings on the use of Digital Twin architectures, machine learning models, genetic engineering, and automated control systems to optimize SynComs for CEA. Key findings include the effective use of Digital Twin and reinforcement learning models to improve crop management, the importance of breeding and genetic engineering in developing crops suited for controlled environments, and the deployment of advanced automation systems to enhance precision in environmental control. This study also highlights the significant improvements in energy efficiency through technological advancements in lighting and climate control. The implications of these findings for researchers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders are discussed, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary collaboration and continued research to fully realize the potential of SynComs in CEA. This study calls for supportive policies, investment in state-of-the-art technologies, and collaborative efforts to drive innovation and sustainability in controlled environment agriculture. Keywords Synthetic microbial communities (SynComs); Controlled environment agriculture (CEA); Genetic engineering; Automated control systems; Energy efficiency Introduction Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) represents a revolutionary approach to agricultural production, characterized by its ability to optimize resource use, minimize spatial requirements, and significantly enhance yield outputs. By leveraging advanced technologies, CEA systems create ideal growing conditions for crops, irrespective of external environmental factors. This method encompasses various setups, including greenhouses, vertical farms, and plant factories, each designed to maintain precise control over environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, light, and nutrient supply (Ojo and Zahid, 2022). Engineered synthetic microbial communities (SynComs) have emerged as a pivotal innovation within CEA, offering substantial benefits in terms of plant health, growth, and productivity. SynComs are meticulously designed consortia of microorganisms that interact synergistically to promote plant growth, enhance nutrient uptake, and protect against pathogens. The integration of SynComs into CEA systems can lead to more resilient and efficient agricultural practices, ultimately contributing to sustainable food production (Amitrano et al., 2020). The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the current state of optimizing engineered SynComs for Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA). By synthesizing findings from multiple studies, this study aims to identify key trends, challenges, and opportunities in the field, offering a forward-looking perspective on the commercialization potential of SynComs in CEA. It will delve into the theoretical foundations of SynComs, evaluate their practical applications, and propose strategies to overcome existing commercialization barriers. This study is significant for guiding future research, informing policy decisions, and fostering innovation in sustainable agriculture, ultimately contributing to the achievement of efficient agricultural systems through advanced biotechnological solutions.
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