International Journal of Horticulture, 2024, Vol.14, No.2, 99-109 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/ijh 105 This combination is not only visually pleasing but also offers multiple ecological benefits. The dense foliage and flowers of the clematis provide additional shading for the yard, helping to regulate the microclimate and increase the comfort of the environment. Additionally, the diverse planting promotes biodiversity, attracting more insects and birds, which is beneficial to the entire garden ecosystem. 3.3.2 Seasonal color schemes and continuous blooming cycles Clematis varieties can be selected to ensure continuous blooming cycles and seasonal color schemes. By choosing early, mid, and late-blooming varieties, gardeners can achieve a succession of blooms that provide color and interest from spring through fall. Varieties from the Lanuginosa and Patens groups, which bloom on both old and new wood, are particularly valuable for extending the flowering season (Zhang, 2010; Chebannaya, 2020; Bilalova, 2021). By following these design principles and integrating clematis into various garden structures and plantings, gardeners can create beautiful, cohesive, and ecologically beneficial landscapes. 4 Case Studies and Applications 4.1 Successful clematis gardens 4.1.1 Examples of public and private gardens featuring clematis Clematis has been successfully integrated into various public and private gardens worldwide, showcasing its versatility and ornamental value. For instance, the Kremenets Botanical Garden has introduced several species of Clematis, highlighting their decorative qualities and adaptability to local conditions (Beridze and Kovalchuk, 2020). Similarly, the South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute has conducted extensive studies on 54 varieties of Clematis, demonstrating their potential for vertical gardening in the Bashkir Cis-Urals and adjacent territories (Bilalova, 2021). In Italy, Clematis × jackmanii has been observed in private gardens, where it is appreciated for its climbing habit and rich flower production (Garibaldi et al., 2007). 4.1.2 Analysis of design strategies and plant selections The design strategies for incorporating Clematis into gardens often focus on its climbing ability and prolonged flowering period. In the Kremenets Botanical Garden, Clematis species are used to create bright spots of various colors on lawns, enhancing the garden's aesthetic appeal throughout the growing season (Beridze and Kovalchuk, 2020). The South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute emphasizes the use of root-forming stimulators like "Circon" to improve the rooting success of Clematis cuttings, ensuring robust plant growth and sustainability (Bilalova, 2021). In the Stavropol Botanical Garden, Clematis varieties are selected based on their ornamental features, such as flower shape, size, and color, as well as their ability to thrive in local soil and climatic conditions (Chebannaya, 2020). 4.2 Ecological impact 4.2.1 Role of clematis in promoting biodiversity Clematis plays a significant role in promoting biodiversity within garden ecosystems. The diverse range of Clematis species supports various microfungi, which in turn contribute to the ecological balance by decomposing organic matter and recycling nutrients (Phukhamsakda et al., 2020). Additionally, Clematis plants provide habitat and food sources for various insects and birds, thereby enhancing the overall biodiversity of the garden (Chebannaya, 2022). 4.2.2 Environmental benefits of clematis in garden ecosystems The environmental benefits of Clematis in garden ecosystems are manifold. Clematis species are known for their drought resistance and ability to withstand pests and diseases, making them a sustainable choice for garden landscaping (Chebannaya, 2022). Their extensive root systems help in soil stabilization and prevent erosion, while their climbing habit allows them to cover walls and structures, providing natural insulation and reducing the urban heat island effect. Furthermore, Clematis plants contribute to air purification by absorbing
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