International Journal of Horticulture, 2024, Vol.14, No.2, 99-109 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/ijh 103 We planted Clematis 'Nelly Moser' near one of the posts of the grape arbor in the backyard as a focal point to achieve visual cohesion (Figure 2). This landscape design strategy leverages the unique aesthetic features of the Clematis 'Nelly Moser' flowers—light pink petals with deep pink stripes forming a striking star pattern. By planting this clematis near the post of the grape arbor, we created a visual focal point that guides the eye upward, adding vertical height and visual interest. The climbing nature of the clematis allows it to grow along the post, intertwining with the grape vines to create a layered and dynamic landscape effect. Additionally, the Clematis 'Nelly Moser' blooms twice, in late spring to early summer and again in late summer, providing continuous color and beauty, further enhancing the overall attractiveness and harmony of the backyard. Through this strategy, we effectively combined the natural beauty of the plant with the garden structure, creating an outdoor space that is both aesthetically pleasing and harmonious. Figure 2Clematis 'Nelly Moser' planted near a post of the grape arbor in the backyard as a visual focal point 3.1.2 Balancing simplicity and variety Balancing simplicity and variety is crucial in garden design. Clematis offers a wide range of species and varieties, from small-flowered to large-flowered types, which can be used to introduce variety without overwhelming the design. The use of different clematis species, such as those from the Jackmanii, Viticella, and Integrifolia groups, can add both visual interest and ecological benefits to the garden (Prokhorova and Kling, 2021; Bilalova, 2021; Chebannaya, 2022). 3.2 Integration into garden structures 3.2.1 Using clematis on trellises, arbors, and pergolas Clematis is particularly well-suited for vertical gardening and can be effectively used on trellises, arbors, and pergolas. These structures not only support the climbing habit of clematis but also enhance the vertical dimension of the garden, making it more dynamic and visually interesting. Varieties such as Ville de Lyon and Madame Baron Veillard are excellent choices for these applications due to their vigorous growth and abundant flowering (Chebannaya, 2020; Bilalova and Putenikhin, 2020; Prokhorova and Kling, 2021). 3.2.2 Vertical gardening and space optimization Vertical gardening with clematis is an efficient way to optimize space, especially in smaller gardens. Clematis can cover walls, fences, and other vertical surfaces, providing a lush, green backdrop that maximizes the use of available space. This approach not only enhances the aesthetic appeal but also contributes to the ecological health of the garden by providing habitats for various pollinators (Zhan, 2007; Beridze and Kovalchuk, 2020). We planted Clematis 'Huldine' along an entire section of the backyard fence, pairing it with hydrangeas and azaleas to cover walls, fences, and other vertical surfaces, providing a lush green background for the space (Figure 3). This landscape design strategy takes full advantage of the climbing nature of the clematis, allowing it to grow along the fence and form a dense green barrier. The small white flowers of Clematis 'Huldine' stand
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