International Journal of Horticulture, 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 1-10 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/ijh 4 2.2 Impact of soil permeability on water resources management 2.2.1 Water resource protection Regions with good soil permeability play a crucial role in water resource protection. These areas can effectively facilitate the rapid infiltration of precipitation into the soil, reducing the formation of surface runoff. In contrast, soils with poor permeability are prone to generating significant surface runoff, thereby increasing the risks of flooding and wasting water resources. By minimizing surface runoff, good soil permeability helps prevent the occurrence of flood events, especially in cases of heavy precipitation (Sugianto et al., 2022). Furthermore, reducing water waste is essential for sustainable water resources management, particularly in areas experiencing drought or with limited water resources. 2.2.2 Groundwater recharge Soil with good permeability plays a crucial role in groundwater recharge. These soils can more effectively allow water to permeate into the groundwater layer, maintaining the stability of the groundwater table. Groundwater serves as a primary source of drinking water and is essential for agricultural irrigation in many regions. Therefore, by promoting groundwater recharge, soils with good permeability support sustainable drinking water supplies and agricultural production. In some areas, soils with poor permeability may lead to a decline in the groundwater table, thereby impacting the sustainability of water resources. 2.2.3 Water quality protection When water infiltrates into the soil, the soil can serve as a natural filter, removing pollutants and pollutant loads from the water. Well-draining soil helps improve water quality by reducing the chances of pollutants entering water bodies. This is crucial for maintaining the health of ecosystems and safeguarding human health. Through the natural filtration process of the soil, some harmful substances are intercepted or broken down, reducing pollution in the water and mitigating adverse impacts on aquatic organisms and ecosystems. Therefore, well-draining soil plays a positive role in water quality protection, contributing to the maintenance of the health and ecological balance of water bodies. 2.3 Relationship between soil permeability and soil ecosystems Soil permeability is of significance in agriculture, ecosystems, and water resource management. By enhancing soil permeability, we can promote sustainable agricultural production, maintain ecological balance, improve the manageability of water resources, and safeguard water quality (Xiang et al., 2021). 2.3.1 Ecological diversity maintenance Soil with good permeability plays a crucial role in maintaining ecological diversity. These soils provide suitable habitats for various types of plants and microorganisms, thereby promoting the stability and diversity of ecosystems. In these soils, water can more easily penetrate, creating a variety of ecological niches that encourage the growth of different plant species. Such diversity contributes to the development of rich vegetation, providing living space for grazers and other organisms in the food chain. 2.3.2 Root growth and nutrient absorption The growth of plant roots and the absorption of nutrients are directly influenced by the permeability of the soil. Soils with poor permeability may restrict root development, reducing the depth and range of root growth, thereby affecting crop growth and yield. Roots need to be able to penetrate the soil easily to access water and nutrients, especially in dry conditions. Good soil permeability facilitates deep root penetration, allowing for the absorption of more water and nutrients. This not only benefits the growth of crops but also helps mitigate the adverse effects of drought on plants. 2.3.3 Supplication of soil oxygen Well-draining soil can better supply oxygen to the soil, which is crucial for the growth of beneficial microorganisms in the soil ecosystem. These microorganisms play key roles in the soil, including the decomposition of organic matter, providing nutrients, and maintaining soil ecological balance. They require
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