International Journal of Horticulture, 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 1-10 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/ijh 2 1 Definition and Methods of Subsoiling Treatment 1.1 Definition of subsoiling treatment Subsoiling treatment is a crucial soil management practice aimed at improving the physical properties and structure of the soil. It typically involves altering the physical structure of the soil through various methods to increase its looseness and permeability (Song et al., 2016, Chinese Agricultural Digest: Agriculture Engineering, (3): 2). The objectives of subsoiling treatment include increasing soil porosity, enhancing soil permeability, improving the root growth environment, and augmenting soil water retention capacity. These changes contribute to the enhancement of crop growth and yield while reducing the risks of soil erosion and waterlogging. 1.2 Methods of subsoiling treatment Subsoiling treatment can be implemented through various methods, categorized into different types based on their operational approach and techniques. Mechanical subsoiling (Figure 1), biological subsoiling, chemical subsoiling, etc., are some common methods of subsoiling treatments. Figure 1 Deep tillage agricultural machinery operation (Image Source: Beijing Agricultural Mechanization Administration) Mechanical subsoiling is a method of altering soil structure by using various agricultural machinery, including plows, deep loosening machines, and harrows (Liu, 2020, Contemporary Farm Machinery, (6): 62-64). These tools mechanically turn, loosen, and mix the soil, thereby enhancing soil permeability and porosity. This approach is commonly employed in large agricultural fields. Biological subsoiling focuses on utilizing plant root systems to improve soil structure. Deep-rooted plants like Chinese cabbage and soybeans have roots that penetrate deep into the soil (Figure 2), enhancing soil stability and permeability (Homulle et al., 2021). Additionally, some agricultural practices involve adding organic materials (such as straw or wood chips) to increase soil organic matter content, further enhancing soil structure. Figure 2: Root systems of deep-rooted plants Image caption: A: Chinese cabbage root system (Image Source: Sohu); B: Soybean root system (Image Source: Agricultural Planting Network)
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