Tree Genetics and Molecular Breeding 2025, Vol.15, No.5, 211-219 http://genbreedpublisher.com/index.php/tgmb 215 Figure 2 A possible network of AR-promoting potential of 2/5-strength WPM for Metasequoia glyptostroboides (Adopted from Xiong et al., 2024) Image caption: Red arrows indicated up-regulated DEGs, and blue arrows indicated down-regulated DEGs. Green arrows indicated an interaction between the corresponding pathway. Orange arrows indicated the decrease in hormone accumulation. The complex interactions between hormones biosynthesis and the expression of genes related to plant hormone signal transduction and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway contributed to the AR formation of M. glyptostroboides induced by 2/5-strength WPM under in vitro culture (Adopted from Xiong et al., 2024) 6 Role of M. glyptostroboides in Ecological Restoration 6.1 Applications in wetland, riparian, and urban ecosystems Metasequoia glyptostroboides has strong adaptability to water environments and its root system shows phenotypic plasticity. It is often used in the restoration of wetlands, riverbanks and urban ecosystems. Yang et al. (2019) found that Metasequoia glyptostroboides can adapt to different habitats by adjusting the structure of its root system (such as forming cortical air cavities or lignification and thickening). This change gives it an advantage in survival and growth in wetlands and riverbank areas. In urban greening and mixed forest construction, Metasequoia glyptostroboides can also improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil. When mixed with other tree species (such as Bischofia polycarpa), it can significantly increase the diversity of soil fungi and archaea, and enhance the availability of phosphorus in the soil, which is helpful for slowing down soil degradation in urban forests (Zhang et al., 2021). 6.2 Contributions to biodiversity enhancement and carbon sequestration Studies on the planting patterns in the lakeside zone have shown that the mixed planting of Metasequoia glyptostroboides and other plants can significantly increase soil organic carbon and carbon pool stability, thereby enhancing carbon fixation capacity (Guo et al., 2025). In coastal shelter forests, with the increase of forest age, the soil organic carbon storage of Metasequoia glyptostroboides plantations continues to rise, and soil nutrients are improved simultaneously, providing support for regional carbon sinks and ecosystem service functions. The introduction and cultivation of Metasequoia glyptostroboides can also increase regional plant diversity, improve habitat structure and promote the stability and restoration of the ecosystem (Tang et al., 2011; Zhang et al., 2021). 6.3 Integrating stress-tolerant breeding lines into restoration programs The natural regeneration capacity of Metasequoia glyptostroboides is limited. One reason is the decline in population genetic diversity, and the other reason is the self-toxicity of litter (Li et al., 2012; Xu et al., 2022). Therefore, in ecological restoration projects, it is crucial to select breeding materials with strong stress resistance (such as salt-tolerant, flood-tolerant or infertile strains). The latest molecular breeding and tissue culture techniques can provide support for the large-scale propagation of Metasequoia glyptostroboides with strong stress resistance. This is conducive to breaking through the bottleneck of natural renewal and enhancing the population vitality and recovery effect (Xiong et al., 2019; Chornobrov et al., 2020; Li et al., 2025a). In addition, the rational intermixing of these stress-resistant strains with native plants can further enhance the stability and diversity of the ecosystem (Zhang et al., 2021; Guo et al., 2025).
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