Tree Genetics and Molecular Breeding 2025, Vol.15, No.4, 154-160 http://genbreedpublisher.com/index.php/tgmb 158 6.3 Results: yield performance, fruit quality, and economic benefits After pruning, the yield of each tree increased by 29.62%, the fruits became larger, the weight of each fruit rose by 15.3%, and the sugar content also increased by 11.2%. Moreover, the fruits are easier to pick, and the ground picking volume has increased by 236.45%. The ‘Biqi’ grafted with waxberry as the rootstock has larger fruits and a better sugar-acid ratio on saline-alkali land, and the selling price is also higher than that grown on ordinary rootstocks (Saeed et al., 2023). The fruits grown in greenhouses have better single fruit weight, sweetness and taste than those grown in the open air. The harvest period is also longer and the market price is higher (Wu et al., 2021). Overall, dwarf-dense cultivation, along with good rootstocks and facility management, have significantly improved the output, fruit quality and income of this park. Figure 2 Microscopic observation on the longitudinal section of bayberry resistant (a,c,e,g) and susceptible (b,d,f,h) cultivars after 0, 6, 48 and 72 h of pathogen infection. The red circle represents phloem and xylem, while the green circle represents medulla (Adopted from Ren et al., 2021) 7 Limitations and Challenges 7.1 Soil fertility decline and root system constraints in long-term dense planting Long-term high-density planting will cause the nutrients in the soil to be consumed more quickly. Over time, this can easily lead to a decline in soil fertility, affecting the growth and yield of trees. Planting too densely will also reduce the space of the root system, prevent the roots from spreading, and the ability to absorb water and nutrients will deteriorate. The growth and stress resistance of the plant will also be affected accordingly (Zhang et al., 2021; Saeed et al., 2023). 7.2 Risk of pest and disease accumulation under dense canopies Dwarf-dense cultivation bring trees closer together, making their branches and leaves denser, and preventing sunlight and air from entering. In this case, pests and diseases are more likely to occur. Once they occur, not only is it more difficult to control, but also the cost of prevention and control will increase. In severe cases, it will even affect the quantity and quality of fruits (Saeed et al., 2023). 7.3 Labor, cost, and technology adoption issues Dwarf-dense cultivation has higher technical requirements for pruning, pest and disease control, soil management, etc., and the management cost will also increase. Meanwhile, some new technologies and equipment have
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