Tree Genetics and Molecular Breeding 2025, Vol.15, No.4, 154-160 http://genbreedpublisher.com/index.php/tgmb 154 Feature Review Open Access Construction of Dwarf-Dense Cultivation Models for High Yield in Bayberry and Adaptability Assessment of Representative Varieties Dandan Huang 2, Zhen Liu 1, Wenfang Wang 1 1 Institute of Life Sciences, Jiyang Colloge of Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji, 311800, Zhejiang, China 2 Hainan Institute of Biotechnology, Haikou, 570206, Hainan, China Corresponding email: wenfang.wang@jicat.org Tree Genetics and Molecular Breeding, 2025, Vol.15, No.4 doi: 10.5376/tgmb.2025.15.0018 Received: 03 Jul., 2025 Accepted: 10 Aug., 2025 Published: 19 Aug., 2025 Copyright © 2025 Huang et al., This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Huang D.D., Liu Z., and Wang W.F., 2025, Construction of dwarf-dense cultivation models for high yield in bayberry and adaptability assessment of representative varieties, Tree Genetics and Molecular Breeding, 15(4): 154-160 (doi: 10.5376/tgmb.2025.15.0018) Abstract This study mainly summarizes the role of dwarf-dense cultivation in increasing the yield and stabilizing the output of bayberries. It conducts an analysis from several aspects, such as dwarf pruning methods, density design of tree planting, and key technologies like water and fertilizer management. It comprehensively explains how these affect yield and fruit quality, and compares the performance of different bayberry varieties under dwarf-dense cultivation. To see if there are any differences among them in terms of disease and pest resistance, environmental stress resistance and planting management, and to combine some actual cases from the southeast coastal areas of China, the application effect and economic benefits of dwarf-dense cultivation in these regions were examined. This study hopes to provide some theoretical and technical references for future efficient planting models and adaptive management in various regions. Keywords Bayberry; Dwarf-dense cultivation; Fruit quality; Variety adaptability; High-yield cultivation model 1 Introduction Nowadays, the demand for high-yield and delicious bayberries is increasing, but the traditional open-field cultivation method can no longer keep up (Zhang et al., 2022; Qi et al., 2023). When it rains a lot or the weather is bad, the yield of bayberries is prone to problems and the quality of the fruits deteriorates, which makes it difficult for the bayberry industry to develop in the long term (Wu et al., 2021). Therefore, finding a planting method that is both stable in yield and efficient has become an issue that must be addressed at present. Dwarf-dense cultivation is a good new approach. This method involves making the bayberry trees shorter, planting them denser, and then arranging the tree shape more reasonably (Liang et al., 2020; Zhang et al., 2023). Doing so can increase the yield per mu of land, and also make the fruits grow better and taste sweeter. Another advantage is that it is easier to pick, more efficient and safer (Wu et al., 2021). Because the trees are shorter, it is more convenient to take care of them with machines, and it is also more conducive to pest control and disease treatment. As a result, the economic benefits naturally increase. This study aims to establish a dwarf-dense cultivation model for high yield suitable for bayberries. Several common varieties were tested to see if they adapt to different environments. Comparative analyses were conducted on pruning methods, planting density, and variety combinations. It was found that these techniques have a significant impact on yield, quality, and management efficiency. This study aims to provide a reference for the future development of a high-quality bayberry industry. 2 Principles of Dwarf-Dense Cultivation in Bayberry 2.1 Definition, core concepts, and technical characteristics Dwarf-dense cultivation means making trees shorter and planting them more densely. This can make the orchard more efficient, be utilized better and the fruits grow more delicious. This method mainly relies on pruning, using dwarfing rootstocks and other means to keep the tree body at a relatively low height, which is convenient for picking and maintenance (Shi et al., 2018; Li et al., 2025). Generally speaking, the characteristics of this type of cultivation method are that the trees do not grow tall, the canopies are not large, the trees are planted closely together, and it is also suitable for management and fruit picking by machines.
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