Tree Genetics and Molecular Breeding 2025, Vol.15, No.4, 147-153 http://genbreedpublisher.com/index.php/tgmb 150 development of flowers and fruits. Reasonable adjustment of the ratio of nitrogen to potassium, especially scientific proportioning of these two elements in the base fertilizer, can make the branches thicker and have more leaves, which is beneficial to the growth of flowering and fruiting branches. The coordination of these two management measures can make vegetative growth and reproductive growth more balanced, avoiding a bias towards only one direction, which could lead to a decline in yield or quality. Figure 1 EjFWL1 and EjFWL2 gene expression patterns of loquat flowers under two pruning systems (Adopted from Su et al., 2024) Image caption: (A) The vigorous shoots under the double-heading system promoted flower enlargement on GF during the flower development stages. The expression patterns of EjFWL1 on ZZ (B) and GF (C) before the flowers bloomed under two pruning systems. Expression patterns of EjFWL2 on ZZ (D) and GF (E) before the flowers bloomed under two pruning systems. NS indicates no significant difference between the control and the vigorous groups. *, ** and *** in each stage indicate p < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively, conducted using one-way ANOVA in SigmaPlot software (Adopted from Su et al., 2024) 6.2 Contribution to stable yield and improved fruit uniformity Pruning combined with N-K regulation can not only make individual fruits heavier and larger, but also make the distribution of flower branches and fruits more reasonable, the fruits more uniform and the appearance better (Su et al., 2024). For instance, under a reasonable basic fertilizer formula (containing nitrogen, potassium and organic fertilizer), the yield of each tree can increase by 14.5 kilograms, and the fruits are larger and evenly distributed. 6.3 Influence on tree health and long-term orchard productivity Scientific pruning and N-K ratio can make trees more vigorous, improve stress resistance, allow the root system and above-ground parts to grow healthily together, prolong the tree age and maintain high orchard yield (Su et al., 2024). Pruning can promote the healthy growth of new shoots, and N-K regulation can enable nutrients to be absorbed and distributed more reasonably. The combination of the two makes the tree stronger and the yield more stable.
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