Tree Genetics and Molecular Breeding 2025, Vol.15, No.3, 128-137 http://genbreedpublisher.com/index.php/tgmb 135 modifications can be stably inherited, and the interaction between the environment and the genome is also very complex. Currently, there is a lack of a unified research method. Moreover, under field conditions, it is also difficult to assess whether these apparent effects are stable. To transform the research achievements in the laboratory into practical breeding applications, it is also necessary to address the issues of stability and controllability across generations and in different environments. Future research can focus on developing more efficient and standardized detection and editing technologies to precisely regulate the epigenetic status of genes related to lipid synthesis. Through epigenomic editing technology, it is possible to breed new varieties of Camellia oleifera that are more adaptable to climate change and “climate-smart”, which can not only increase yields but also improve the quality of oils. Further promoting the application of epigenetic markers in Camellia oleifera breeding can also provide new solutions for addressing global climate change and ensuring oil supply. Acknowledgments The authors appreciate the modification suggestions from two anonymous peer reviewers on the manuscript of this study. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Abdulraheem M., Xiong Y., Moshood A., Cadenas-Pliego G., Zhang H., and Hu J., 2024, Mechanisms of plant epigenetic regulation in response to plant stress: recent discoveries and implications, Plants, 13(2): 163. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13020163 Agius D., Kapazoglou A., Avramidou E., Baránek M., Carneros E., Caro E., Castiglione S., Cicatelli A., Radanović A., Ebejer J., Gackowski D., Guarino F., Gulyás A., Hidvégi N., Hoenicka H., Inácio V., Johannes F., Karalija E., Lieberman-Lazarovich M., Martinelli F., Maury S., Mladenov V., Morais-Cecílio L., Pečinka A., Tani E., Testillano P., Todorov D., Valledor L., and Vassileva V., 2023, Exploring the crop epigenome: a comparison of DNA methylation profiling techniques, Frontiers in Plant Science, 14: 1181039. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1181039 Albaladejo R., Parejo-Farnés C., Rubio-Pérez E., Nora S., and Aparicio A., 2019, Linking DNA methylation with performance in a woody plant species, Tree Genetics and Genomes, 15: 15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-019-1325-x Ali S., Khan N., and Tang Y., 2022, Epigenetic marks for mitigating abiotic stresses in plants, Journal of Plant Physiology, 275: 153740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153740 Anastasiadi D., Venney C., Bernatchez L., and Wellenreuther M., 2021, Epigenetic inheritance and reproductive mode in plants and animals, Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 36(12): 1124-1140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2021.08.006 Baduel P., Sammarco I., Barrett R., Coronado-Zamora M., Crespel A., Díez-Rodríguez B., Fox J., Galanti D., González J., Jueterbock A., Wootton E., and Harney E., 2024, The evolutionary consequences of interactions between the epigenome, the genome and the environment, Evolutionary Applications, 17(7): e13730. https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.13730 Bogan S., and Yi S., 2024, Potential role of DNA methylation as a driver of plastic responses to the environment across cells, organisms, and populations, Genome Biology and Evolution, 16(2): evae022. https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evae022 Brukhin V., and Albertini E., 2021, Epigenetic modifications in plant development and reproduction, Epigenomes, 5(4): 25. https://doi.org/10.3390/epigenomes5040025 Chachar S., Chachar M., Riaz A., Shaikh A., Li X., Li X., Guan C., and Zhang P., 2022, Epigenetic modification for horticultural plant improvement comes of age, Scientia Horticulturae, 292: 110633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2021.110633 Chang Y., Zhu C., Jiang J., Zhang H., Zhu J., and Duan C., 2019, Epigenetic regulation in plant abiotic stress responses, Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 62(5): 563-580. https://doi.org/10.1111/jipb.12901 Chung M., and Kim B., 2024, Fatty acids and epigenetics in health and diseases, Food Science and Biotechnology, 33(14): 3153-3166. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-024-01664-3 Da Costa G., Cerqueira A., De Brito C., Mielke M., and Gaiotto F., 2024, Epigenetics regulation in responses to abiotic factors in plant species: a systematic review, Plants, 13(15): 2082.
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