Tree Genetics and Molecular Breeding 2025, Vol.15, No.2, 70-79 http://genbreedpublisher.com/index.php/tgmb 75 CRISPR/Cas9 technology, making kiwifruit plants more compact and flowering earlier, and accelerating the breeding process (Varkonyi-Gasic et al., 2018). Iliescu et al. (2022) identified male varieties with high pollen germination rates and strong pollination capabilities through selective breeding, which are crucial for enhancing fruit setting rates and yields. Figure 1 CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of AcCEN4 and AcCEN genes (Adopted from Varkonyi-Gasic et al., 2018) Image caption: (a) The height and architecture of U6-CEN4 plants. Arrows and arrowheads indicate fruit and flowers respectively. The insert shows a close-up image of the vegetative shoot tip in line 22. The asterisks denote the phenotypes: *, compact plant, early flowering, no fruit set; **, compact plant, early flowering; ***, vine habit, early flowering; ****, vine habit, no flowering. (b) Mutations identified in E1 and E4 sites in AcCEN4 and AcCEN alleles. (c) Rapid flowering and fruit development in U6-CEN4#18 lines after re-establishment and propagation in tissue culture (Adopted from Varkonyi-Gasic et al., 2018)
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