Tree Genetics and Molecular Breeding 2025, Vol.15, No.2, 54-61 http://genbreedpublisher.com/index.php/tgmb 59 6 The Application of Molecular Markers in Breeding 6.1 Successful cases of Qingchuan Wu marker-assisted breeding The technology of selecting good varieties through genetic markers has been widely used in the cultivation of medicinal materials in Qingchuan, especially in enhancing the efficacy and quality of medicinal materials. Specific genetic markers are a good way to judge the medicinal value of medicinal materials. For instance, with the help of such genetic markers, breeders can accurately identify useful components like alkaloids in aconite, thereby enhancing the therapeutic effect of medicinal materials. In addition, the technology of researching proteins has also been very successful in cultivating certain medicinal materials. Studies have found that analyzing the changes of proteins in medicinal materials can clarify the principles that affect the generation of useful components, which can help breeders improve the quality of medicinal materials higher (Zhao et al., 2018). 6.2 Genetic analysis techniques: DNA extraction, PCR amplification and software tools used Several important techniques are needed to analyze the genes of Qingchuan Wu. First of all, the genetic material needs to be extracted from the collected samples. Then, using PCR amplification technology, the parts of the gene that we are concerned about are replicated multiple times, such as the places with specific gene markers. With these techniques can identify the differences in genes, and these differences can be used as genetic markers when breeding new varieties. Software tools are particularly important in analyzing genetic data and helping researchers identify differences in genes. Methods such as restricted fragment length polymorphism and genome-wide association studies have been successfully used to identify changes in a certain gene. With these tools, the differences in genes can be linked to the external characteristics of plants, which is of great help in formulating the cultivation plan of Qingchuan Wu (Yang et al., 2015). Moreover, combining the measurement of gene sequences with large-scale observation of plant characteristics will make gene markers more useful in cultivation in the future (Xu et al., 2012). 6.3 The advantages of using molecular markers to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of breeding Molecular markers, especially single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), have greatly enhanced the accuracy and efficiency of the breeding of PseudoSouth rice. With the help of these markers, breeders can predict drug traits at an early stage through non-invasive methods such as DNA sampling, saving a lot of time and resources (Xu et al., 2012). Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis is helpful for determining the gene loci related to medicinal traits and laying the foundation for precise breeding. 6.4 Challenges of applying molecular markers in breeding Although molecular marker technology has obvious advantages in breeding, there are still some challenges. The complexity of genetic interactions makes it difficult to isolate the influence of individual gene markers. This requires the construction of complex gene maps, which is both time-consuming and costly (Yang et al., 2015). In addition, integrating molecular markers into traditional breeding practices requires additional training and technical support to ensure that the technical investment is rewarding and effectively applied in practice (Hasan et al., 2021). 7 Conclusion and Future Directions This study mainly investigates the application of gene marker selection technology in the cultivation of Qingchuan Wu. Research has found that methods such as specific gene markers are particularly effective in identifying and determining the medicinal components contained in Qingchuan Wu. With the help of these marks, breeders can pick out those varieties of Qingchuan Wu with good medicinal effects at the seedling stage, which greatly accelerates the speed of cultivating new varieties. In addition, by studying the changes in proteins in medicinal materials, we have gained new insights into how medicinal components are formed, which can help cultivators make better cultivation decisions. Overall, the application of gene marker selection technology has provided a new, accurate and rapid method for improving the varieties of Qingchuan Wu.
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