Tree Genetics and Molecular Breeding 2025, Vol.15, No.1, 25-32 http://genbreedpublisher.com/index.php/tgmb 26 products annually, with over 1 million tons exported to Asian markets such as Japan and South Korea, and gradually penetrating European and American markets, showcasing a promising trend of globalization (Satya et al., 2010; Yuan, 2012). The bamboo economy spans the primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors, offering broad development opportunities across multiple domains of the social economy (Mishra, 2015; Liu et al., 2018; Rathour et al., 2022). In provinces like Fujian, Sichuan, and Zhejiang, mature industrial chains for bamboo have been established. For instance, the total bamboo industry output value in Nanping City, Fujian, reached 44 billion RMB in 2022, while in Yibin City, Sichuan, it reached 35.3 billion RMB (Wang et al., 2010; Wu and Yu, 2012, Sichuan Forestry Science and Technology, 33(3): 112-114). Meanwhile, Anji County in Zhejiang, despite having less than 1% of the country's bamboo forest area, contributes over 5% of the national bamboo industry output value (Flynn et al., 2017). Through bamboo processing, innovative bamboo products, and bamboo forest ecotourism, these regions have fully exploited the potential of bamboo resources, creating significant economic and social benefits (Wang et al., 2021). Despite the overall strong momentum of China’s bamboo shoot industry, the bamboo shoot sector in the mountainous region of Ninghai has encountered difficulties. Of the county’s 230 000 mu (15 333 hectares) of bamboo forests, 90% lie abandoned. Once a vibrant green industry that enriched local livelihoods, the bamboo shoot sector now struggles to survive. This study analyzes the main challenges faced by Ninghai’s bamboo shoot industry and explores the ‘breakthrough practices’ of Ningbo Shanlixiang Agricultural Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd., summarizing its successful experiences to provide feasible strategies and recommendations for revitalizing Ninghai’s bamboo shoot industry. 2 Major Challenges in the Bamboo Shoot Industry in Ninghai 2.1 Incomplete industry system The bamboo shoot industry in Ninghai faces significant systemic deficiencies, particularly in the coordination of production, processing, and sales. Primary production remains inefficient due to traditional bamboo forest management practices, with most bamboo forests left untended, resulting in low productivity. Bamboo shoot harvesting is labor-intensive, and the shortage of labor, especially amid rural-to-urban migration, leaves elderly and female residents unable to handle the workload. Furthermore, poor mountain transportation conditions and high logistics costs further constrain industry development (Zhang et al., 2021). In the secondary sector, a lack of leading enterprises has resulted in a reliance on small-scale family workshops for bamboo shoot processing (Figure 1). These operations often produce semi-finished products with inconsistent quality, lacking standardized food testing and quality management. Such disorganized practices severely limit the market competitiveness and added value of bamboo shoot products. The tertiary sector is underdeveloped, with high-value activities such as eco-tourism and leisure tourism associated with the bamboo shoot industry yet to materialize. Bamboo cultural products also lack regional characteristics and cultural depth, failing to attract consumer interest. This lack of integration across the primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors significantly hampers the overall development of the bamboo shoot industry. Figure 1 The number of bamboo shoot processing enterprise in Ningbo (Adopted from Zhang et al., 2021)
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