TGMB_2025v15n1

Tree Genetics and Molecular Breeding 2025, Vol.15, No.1, 9-17 http://genbreedpublisher.com/index.php/tgmb 16 The introduction of modern molecular breeding techniques has provided new possibilities for the green transformation and sustainable development of the Sapindus mukorossi industry. The integration of molecular markers and genetic information can increase the added value of Sapindus mukorossi products in fields such as biodiesel, natural detergents and medicine, and breed more environmentally adaptable varieties. These measures are expected to enhance the industrial competitiveness of Sapindus mukorossi and promote its development under the dual goals of ecology and economy. Acknowledgments The author sincerely thanks the anonymous reviewers for their constructive and targeted suggestions for revising the manuscript. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The author affirms that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Ba L., 2014, Molecular polymorphic analysis with geographic provenances of Sapindus mukorossi, Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 31(1): 151-155. Bahar N., and Singh V., 2007, Seed source selection of Sapindus mukorossi in Himachal Pradesh, The Indian Forester, 133: 731-736. Bisht V., Kuniyal C., Negi J., Bhandari A., and Bhatt V., 2016, Variations in the seed germination in Sapindus mukorossi in relation to tree age dependent seed vigour, National Academy Science Letters, 39: 379-382. https://doi.org/10.1007/S40009-016-0448-Y Chang Y., Xu C., Yang H., Zhou J., Hua W., Zhang S., Zhong Q., and Li B., 2021, Leaf structural traits vary with plant size in even-aged stands of Sapindus mukorossi, Frontiers in Plant Science, 12: 692484. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.692484 Diao S., Shao W., Jiang J., Dong R., and Sun H., 2014, Phenotypic diversity in natural populationsof Sapindus mukorossi based on fruit and seed traits, Acta Ecologica Sinica, 34(6): 1451-1460. https://doi.org/10.5846/stxb201306211756 Fang J., 2024, Breeding 4.0: The breeding revolution of genetic information integration and editing, Molecular Plant Breeding, 15(1): 15-26. https://doi.org/10.5376/mpb.2024.15.0003 Gao Y., Gao S., Jia L., Dai T., Wei X., Duan J., Liu S., and Weng X., 2018, Canopy characteristics and light distribution in Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. are influenced by crown architecture manipulation in the hilly terrain of Southeast China, Scientia Horticulturae, 240: 11-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.05.034 Gao Y., Zhao G., Xu Y., Hao Y., Zhao T., Jia L., and Chen Z., 2023, Karyotype analysis and genome size estimation of Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. an economical important tree species in China, Botany Letters, 171: 116-124. https://doi.org/10.1080/23818107.2023.2244179 Li R., Wu Z., Wang Y., and Li L., 2013, Separation of total saponins from the pericarp of Sapindus mukorossi Gaerten. by foam fractionation, Industrial Crops and Products, 51: 163-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.08.079 Liu J., Gao S., Xu Y., Wang M., Ngiam J., Wen N., Yi J., Weng X., Jia L., and Salojärvi J., 2022, genetic diversity analysis of Sapindus in China and extraction of a core germplasm collection using EST-SSR markers, Frontiers in Plant Science, 13: 857993. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.857993 Liu J., Liu S., Xu Y., Sun C., Chen Z., Wang X., Wang L., Gao S., Zhao G., He Q., Weng X., and Jia L., 2021a, Screening of Sapindus germplasm resources in China based on agro-morphological traits, Journal of Forestry Research, 33: 203-216. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11676-021-01350-8 Liu J., Sun C., Gao Y., Chen Z., Zheng Y., Weng X., and Jia L., 2021b, Sapindus cultivar ‘Yue Shuo Bodhi’, HortScience, 56(6): 730-731. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI15735-21 Liu J., Wang L., Sun C., Xi B., Li D., Chen Z., He Q., Weng X., and Jia L., 2021c, Global distribution of soapberries (Sapindus L.) habitats under current and future climate scenarios, Scientific Reports, 11: 19740. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-98389-8 Liu J., Xu Y., Sun C., Wang X., Zheng Y., Shi S., Chen Z., He Q., Weng X., and Jia L., 2021d, Distinct ecological adaptations and habitat responses to future climate change in three east and southeast Asian Sapindus species, Forest Ecology and Management, 507: 119982. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119982 Mahar K., Meena B., Rana T., and Ranade S., 2011a, ISSR analysis of soap nut (Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn.) genotypes in Western Himalaya (India), Plant Biosystems, 146: 614-621. https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2011.637090 Mahar K., Rana T., and Ranade S., 2011b, Molecular analyses of genetic variability in soap nut (Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn.), Industrial Crops and Products, 34: 1111-1118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.03.029

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