TGMB_2024v14n6

Tree Genetics and Molecular Breeding 2024, Vol.14, No.6, 304-312 http://genbreedpublisher.com/index.php/tgmb 305 2 Concept and Principles of Precision Viticulture 2.1 Definition of precision viticulture Precision viticulture (PV) is a specialized branch of precision agriculture that focuses on optimizing vineyard management through the use of advanced technologies. These technologies include the Internet of Things (IoT), machine learning, and various sensing devices, which enable the collection of high-resolution data on meteorological and soil conditions (Figure 1). This data is crucial for making informed decisions that enhance land productivity and crop quality (Matese and Gennaro, 2015; Pero et al., 2024). The integration of remote and proximal sensing technologies, such as satellites and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), further supports efficient vineyard management by providing detailed insights into spatial variability and vine health (Spachos and Gregori, 2019; Mucalo et al., 2024). Figure 1 PA ecosystem (Adopted from Pero et al., 2024) Data-driven decision support systems (DSS) play a pivotal role in precision viticulture by analyzing vast amounts of data collected from various sources. These systems help viticulturists make informed decisions regarding vineyard management practices, such as irrigation, fertilization, and pest control, thereby improving both the economic and environmental sustainability of vineyards (Ammoniaci et al., 2021). The use of advanced analytics and machine learning algorithms enhances the ability to predict and respond to vineyard conditions, ultimately leading to more precise and effective management strategies (Santesteban, 2019; Ferro and Catania, 2023). 2.2 Key principles Precision viticulture emphasizes the importance of site-specific management practices, such as variable-rate fertilization and irrigation, which are tailored to the unique conditions of each vineyard zone. This approach not only improves grape quality and yield but also minimizes environmental impacts by reducing the use of water, fertilizers, and pesticides (Balafoutis et al., 2017; Finco et al., 2022). The integration of wireless sensor networks and smart UAVs allows for real-time monitoring and precise application of inputs, optimizing resource use and enhancing vineyard sustainability (Spachos and Gregori, 2019). A fundamental principle of precision viticulture is the recognition and management of spatial and temporal variability within vineyards. By delineating zones of differential treatment based on detailed data analysis, viticulturists can apply site-specific management practices that address the unique needs of each area. This approach not only improves vineyard productivity but also ensures that resources are used efficiently and sustainably (Arnó et al., 2009; Mucalo et al., 2024).

RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzMg==