Tree Genetics and Molecular Breeding 2024, Vol.14, No.2, 95-105 http://genbreedpublisher.com/index.php/tgmb 104 valuable genetic resources but also support genetic research and sustainable utilization of ornamental trees (Wegrzyn et al., 2019). These measures will jointly drive the progress of ornamental tree genetics, providing scientific and technological foundations for the future improvement and conservation of garden plants. 7 Conclusion Through the application of Genome-wide association studies (GWAS), we can gain a deeper understanding of the genetic basis underlying the aesthetic and adaptive traits of ornamental trees, which is of great significance for the breeding and landscape design of garden plants. GWAS research has revealed many key genetic factors associated with the aesthetic traits and adaptive traits of ornamental trees, providing scientific guidance for the improvement and breeding of ornamental tree varieties. In terms of aesthetic traits, GWAS has helped identify genes controlling tree characteristics such as flower color, leaf shape, and tree form, enriching our understanding of the genetic regulatory mechanisms underlying these aesthetic traits. These findings not only provide scientific guidance for the selection and application of tree species in landscape design but also contribute to breeding new varieties with specific ornamental features through marker-assisted selection. Regarding adaptive traits, such as drought tolerance, cold hardiness, and disease and pest resistance, GWAS has started to unravel the genetic basis of environmental adaptability in ornamental trees. This is of practical significance for enhancing the sustainability of urban greening and reducing maintenance costs. Although there are challenges in applying GWAS to study ornamental trees, such as limited sample size, genetic diversity, and environmental interactions, by continuously optimizing research methods and techniques, and integrating multi-omics data analysis, we can more accurately dissect the genetic mechanisms underlying complex traits. Future research should focus more on the conservation and rational utilization of genetic resources, harnessing the potential of modern biotechnology in ornamental tree breeding, and achieving more precise and efficient variety improvement. Overall, the development and application of GWAS technology has opened new avenues for genetic research on ornamental trees, providing scientific foundations and technological support for the breeding of garden plants and the construction of garden environments. With the continuous advancement of genetic research and biotechnology, we can look forward to better control and utilization of ornamental tree traits, promoting the sustainable development of urban gardens and creating more beautiful, healthy, and eco-friendly living environments for humans. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Reference Alamin M., Sultana M., Lou X., Jin W., and Xu H., 2022, Dissecting complex traits using omics data: A review on the linear mixed models and their application in GWAS, Plants, 11(23): 3277. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11233277 PMid:36501317 PMCid:PMC9739826 Beilsmith K., Thoen M.P., Brachi B., Gloss A.D., Khan M.H., and Bergelson J., 2019, Genome‐wide association studies on the phyllosphere microbiome: embracing complexity in host–microbe interactions, The Plant Journal, 97(1): 164-181. https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.14170 Callow D., May P., and Johnstone D.M., 2018, Tree vitality assessment in urban landscapes, Forests, 9(5): 279. https://doi.org/10.3390/f9050279 Chen Z., Zan Y., Milesi P., Zhou L., Chen J., Li L., Cui B., Niu S., Westin J., Karlsson B., García‐Gil M., Lascoux M., and Wu H., 2021, Leveraging breeding programs and genomic data in Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) for GWAS analysis, Genome Biology, 22: 1-30.
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzMg==