Tree Genetics and Molecular Breeding 2024, Vol.14, No.2, 69-80 http://genbreedpublisher.com/index.php/tgmb 73 5.3 Integration of transcriptomic and proteomic data The integration of transcriptomic and proteomic data is essential for accurate gene annotation in poplar research. This combined approach allows for a more comprehensive understanding of gene expression and protein function. For instance, integrating deep transcriptome and proteome data has been shown to correct genome assembly errors and improve gene model predictions, leading to the discovery of novel exons and protein-coding genes (Prasad et al., 2017). Furthermore, the use of bioinformatics enrichment tools can facilitate the functional analysis of large gene lists, enhancing the identification of relevant biological processes (Huang et al., 2008). By leveraging these integrated data sets, researchers can achieve more precise and reliable gene annotations in poplar. 6 Applications of Genomic Insights in Poplar 6.1 Biotechnological applications Genomic insights have significantly advanced the biotechnological applications in poplar, particularly in improving wood quality and growth rates. By engineering lignin biosynthesis and modifying cell wall biogenesis, researchers have been able to enhance the properties of wood, making it more suitable for industrial applications (Tang et al., 2003). For example, the bicistronic expression of genes such as PdGA20ox1 and PtrMYB221 in transgenic poplars has resulted in increased biomass production and improved wood quality, demonstrating the potential of synthetic biology in this field (Figure 2) (Cho et al., 2018). Figure 2 Transgenic poplars produce improved quality of woody biomass (Adopted from Cho et al., 2018) Image caption: (a) Enhanced wood formation but reduced secondary wall thickening in DX15::PdGA20ox1-2A-PtrMYB221 transgenic poplars; (b) Expression of genes involved in the lignin biosynthetic pathway (Adopted from Cho et al., 2018)
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