Tree Genetics and Molecular Breeding 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 1-7 http://genbreedpublisher.com/index.php/tgmb 6 Genomics technologies can provide a high throughput of genetic information to help identify and verify genetic differences and characteristics between different breeds. Through genomic analysis of apple genetic resources, we can accurately identify and describe the genetic relationships, genetic diversity and their differences at the genome level among different varieties. This will contribute to a better understanding of the structure and characteristics of apple genetic resources and help select suitable varieties for breeding and conservation efforts. The genomics-based conservation method can also promote the digitization and informatization of apple genetic resources. By establishing the genomic database of apple germplasm resources, researchers can integrate and manage a large amount of genetic information to facilitate the long-term preservation and utilization of resources. This digital approach to management also facilitates the sharing and exchange of resources and promotes cooperation and collaboration on a global scale. 5.3 Continuous monitoring and management Continuous monitoring and management makes an important contribution to the conservation of apple genetic resources. This approach involves long-term tracking and management of apple varieties and their diversity, with the aim of ensuring timely conservation and utilization of these resources. Continuous monitoring involves regular surveys and assessments of apple germplasm resources in different regions to understand their quantity, distribution and status (Gepts, 2006). This monitoring can help identify threatened varieties and take timely measures for protection and conservation, and the ongoing management of apple resources also includes the collection, preservation, classification and digital management of genetic resources to ensure the integrity and sustainability of resources. Continuous monitoring and management methods also help to identify new varieties and potentially good resources. Through regular investigation and research, new apple varieties with disease resistance, adaptability and other excellent characteristics can be discovered, providing new resources and possibilities for the apple industry and breeding work. However, the ongoing monitoring and management approach faces some challenges due to financial, technical and human resource constraints, as well as the issue of sustained investment and attention to long-term monitoring and management. In addition, the monitoring and management of apple resources on a global scale also requires international cooperation and information sharing, which is also a problem that needs to be solved. 6 Summary and Prospect As an important species of fruit trees, the genetic diversity and conservation strategies of apple germplasm resources have attracted much attention. The diversity of apple genetic resources has been well understood by the existing research results. This diversity is not only reflected in morphological characteristics, but also in disease resistance, adaptability, taste characteristics and so on. Full recognition of these diversity provides an important genetic basis for the long-term development of the apple industry. In order to protect and make full use of these valuable genetic resources, researchers have adopted a series of conservation strategies. The establishment of germplasm bank, the formulation of relevant laws and regulations, the research based on genomics and the continuous monitoring and management have provided a solid foundation for the long-term conservation and rational utilization of apple genetic resources. However, there are still some challenges and issues to be addressed in the future. With the increasing impact of environmental change and globalization, apple resources may face more pressure and threats, which requires more targeted protection measures. Digital and information management needs more perfect system and technical support to better manage and use these resources. The conservation and utilization of traditional and wild species, which often have rich genetic diversity and special adaptability, also need more attention and research. In subsequent studies, researchers need to dig deeper into the potential of apple genetic resources, through genomics-based research methods, to better understand the genetic relationships and characteristics between different varieties, and provide a more scientific basis for breeding and protection. At the same time, strengthening
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