Tree Genetics and Molecular Breeding 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 32-42 http://genbreedpublisher.com/index.php/tgmb 41 2021). The technology's ability to create specific gene knockouts and introduce beneficial traits without compromising plant growth or health is particularly advantageous (Ding et al., 2016; Bruegmann et al., 2019). As research progresses, the integration of CRISPR/Cas9 with other biotechnological approaches could lead to the development of poplar varieties with optimized lignin content and enhanced industrial utility, thereby transforming the landscape of renewable energy and sustainable agriculture. Acknowledgments The author would like to express her gratitude to Dr. Fang, the director of the Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources, for reading the draft of this paper and providing valuable feedback. The author also thanks the two anonymous peer reviewers for their critical assessment and constructive suggestions on the manuscript. Funding This research was supported by the Opening Project of State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding of China (K2018205). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The author affirms that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Reference An Y., Geng Y., Yao J., Fu C., Lu M., Wang C., and Du J., 2020, Efficient genome editing in Populus using CRISPR/Cas12a, Frontiers in Plant Science, 11: 593938. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.593938 PMid:33329659 PMCid:PMC7720674 Arora L., and Narula A., 2017, Gene editing and crop improvement using CRISPR-Cas9 system, Frontiers in Plant Science, 8: 1932. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01932 PMid:29167680 PMCid:PMC5682324 Bae E., Choi H., Choi J., Lee H., Kim S., Ko J., and Choi Y., 2021, Efficient knockout of the phytoene desaturase gene in a hybrid poplar (Populus alba × Populus glandulosa) using the CRISPR/Cas9 system with a single gRNA, Transgenic Research, 30: 837-849. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11248-021-00272-9 PMid:34259977 Bortesi L., and Fischer R., 2015, The CRISPR/Cas9 system for plant genome editing and beyond, Biotechnology Advances, 33(1): 41-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.12.006 PMid:25536441 Bruegmann T., Deecke K., and Fladung M., 2019, Evaluating the efficiency of gRNAs in CRISPR/Cas9 mediated genome editing in poplars, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(15): 3623. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20153623 PMid:31344908 PMCid:PMC6696231 Chung M., Yeh I., Sung L., Wu M., Chao Y., Ng I., and Hu Y., 2017, Enhanced integration of large DNA into E. coli chromosome by CRISPR/Cas9, Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 114(1): 172-183. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.26056 PMid:27454445 Ding Y., Li H., Chen L., and Xie K., 2016, Recent advances in genome editing using CRISPR/Cas9, Frontiers in Plant Science, 7: 703. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.00703 Fan D., Liu T., Li C., Jiao B., Li S., Hou Y., and Luo K., 2015, Efficient CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis in Populus in the first generation, Scientific Reports, 5: 12217. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep12217 PMid:26193631 PMCid:PMC4507398 Jang H., Bae E., Kim M., Park S., Choi N., Pyo S., Lee C., Jeong H., Lee H., Choi Y., and Ko J., 2021, CRISPR-Knockout of CSE gene improves saccharification efficiency by reducing lignin content in hybrid poplar, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(18): 9750. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22189750 Liu T.T., Fan D., Ran L.Y., Jiang Y.Z., Liu R., and Luo K.M., 2015, Highly efficient CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis of multiple genes in Populus, Hereditas, 37(10): 1044-1052.
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