Tree Genetics and Molecular Breeding 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 1-7 http://genbreedpublisher.com/index.php/tgmb 1 Research Article Open Access Genetic Diversity and Conservation Strategies of Apple Germplasm Resources JianxinLi Jiugu MolBreed SciTech Ltd., Zhuji, 311800, Zhejiang, China Corresponding email: 2397383131@qq.com Tree Genetics and Molecular Breeding, 2024, Vol.14, No.1 doi: 10.5376/tgmb.2024.14.0001 Received: 18 Dec., 2023 Accepted: 22 Jan., 2024 Published: 12 Feb., 2024 Copyright © 2024 Li, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Li J.X., 2024, Genetic diversity and conservation strategies of apple germplasm resources, Tree Genetics and Molecular Breeding, 14(1): 1-7 (doi: 10.5376/tgmb.2024.14.0001) Abstract Apples, as one of the globally significant fruit trees, possess a rich array of germplasm resources and extensive genetic diversity. This review aims to delve into the genetic diversity of apple germplasm resources and the associated conservation strategies. It begins by outlining the origin and evolutionary history of apples, then focuses on elucidating the significance of genetic diversity in the apple industry, as well as evaluating the effectiveness and challenges of current conservation strategies. Addressing the shortcomings of existing strategies, the review further explores improvement measures including diversity maintenance, genomics-based conservation methods, and ongoing monitoring and management. By providing a comprehensive discussion, this review seeks to offer a holistic understanding of conserving genetic diversity in apple germplasm resources, serving as a reference for future research and conservation efforts. Keywords Apple; Germplasm resources; Genetic diversity; Conservation strategies; DNA sequence analysis 1 Introduction The apple (Malus domestica) is one of the most important fruit trees in the world, not only providing people with a delicious fruit, it is also an important raw material for many foods and drinks, such as juices, jams and fruit wines (Bhargava and Bansal, 2021), but also plays an important role in the agricultural economy. In today's agricultural field, apple is not only a popular fruit, but also an extremely important genetic resource bank, the genetic diversity contained in this fruit, and its key role in the agricultural industry, has attracted extensive attention and research. As a kind of fruit widely cultivated all over the world, apple not only meets people's demand for fruit with its rich varieties and potential adaptability, but also is a treasure house of agricultural genetic resources. These resources contain a wide range of genetic characteristics, ranging from fruit color, form, quality, and plant adaptation to the environment. The diversity of apple germplasm resources is very important for breeding new varieties, crop improvement and maintaining ecosystem stability. The genetic diversity of apple is an important basis for its adaptation to various growing environments, stress resistance and quality improvement. In-depth understanding and utilization of this diversity will help to improve the resistance to pests and diseases of apple cultivars, adapt to different climatic conditions, and improve yield and quality (Basannagari and Kala, 2013). Genetic diversity also makes it possible to breed new, more competitive varieties. This study aims to explore the genetic diversity of apple germplasm resources, examine the importance of these resources to the development of the apple industry from different perspectives, and analyze the effectiveness and shortcomings of existing conservation strategies. At the same time, this study will also evaluate the existing conservation strategies and analyze their effectiveness and shortcomings, in order to provide useful references for improving and formulating more scientific conservation strategies in the future. Research on the genetic diversity of apple and its conservation strategies is crucial to the sustainability and improvement of agricultural production, and an in-depth understanding of the value of these resources and the limitations of existing conservation strategies will help researchers to better protect and utilize apple germplasm resources and promote the sustainable development of the apple industry.
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