Plant Gene and Trait 2025, Vol.16, No.4, 173-181 http://genbreedpublisher.com/index.php/pgt 179 When growing cabbage, it is recommended to give priority to the combination model of “organic + chemical fertilizer”. 75% of the recommended amount of chemical fertilizer can be used, combined with organic materials such as vermicompost, compost or green manure from beans. This can provide more comprehensive nutrients while maintaining sustainable development. When applying nitrogen, do not overdo it. An appropriate amount of nitrogen can not only increase yield and quality but also prevent environmental pollution. Biochar fertilizer, controlled-release fertilizer or microbial agents can also be added. All these can enhance the fertilizer efficiency and make the cabbage more resilient. When fertilizing, it is best to make dynamic adjustments in combination with soil testing and the nutritional status of crops, taking into account the nutrient content of the soil itself, so as to achieve scientific and precise results. Although there are many research achievements at present, there are still some key issues that need to be further explored. For instance, there is still a lack of long-term positioning tests, making it difficult to assess the long-term effects of different fertilization methods on soil health, microorganisms and yield stability. In addition, research on microbial agents is still not in-depth enough. In the future, it is necessary to study their effects when used in combination with organic and inorganic fertilizers and see if they are applicable in different regions. More importantly, we need to develop precise fertilization technology and establish a system that can make intelligent decisions based on the nutrient requirements of crops, changes in soil nutrients and the characteristics of cabbage. In the future, the fertilization of cabbage should develop in a systematic and sustainable direction, integrating organic fertilizers, chemical fertilizers, microbial agents and new types of fertilizers. Based on the characteristics of the crops, soil conditions and environmental requirements, precise, efficient and environmentally friendly fertilization strategies should be formulated to ensure that yield, quality and ecological benefits are all taken into account. Acknowledgments The authors thank Professor Ye for his guidance on this study. The authors also appreciate the comments from two anonymous peer reviewers on the manuscript of this study. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Abd-Elmoniem E., Al-Ghumaiz N., Motawei M., Al-Otayk S., and Rabhi M., 2025, Investigation of the magnesium content and productivity of wheat genotypes under organic and conventional inorganic fertilizer application, Life, 15(4): 543. https://doi.org/10.3390/life15040543 Adhikari R., Katel S., Chhetri P., Simkhada P., Chaudhari P., and Yadav S., 2023, Effect of different sources of organic fertilizers on crop growth and yield of cabbage, Journal of Agriculture and Applied Biology, 4(1): 83-94. https://doi.org/10.11594/jaab.04.01.09 Bejarano-Herrera W., Marcillo-Paguay C., Rojas-Tapias D., and Estrada-Bonilla G., 2024, Effect of mineral fertilization and microbial inoculation on cabbage yield and nutrition: a field experiment, Agronomy, 14(1): 210. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14010210 Belay A., 2021, Review effect of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer on cabbage and its economic importance’s, Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 11(19): 8-15. https://doi.org/10.7176/jbah/11-19-02 Boschiero M., De Laurentiis V., Caldeira C., and Sala S., 2023, Comparison of organic and conventional cropping systems: a systematic review of life cycle assessment studies, Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 102: 107187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2023.107187 Cao H., Zhang F., Fu J., Ma X., Wang J., Liu F., Guo G., Tian Y., Liang T., Zhou N., Wang Y., Chen X., and Wang X., 2023, Optimized nitrogen fertilizer rate can increase yield and nitrogen use efficiency for open-field Chinese cabbage in southwest China, Agronomy, 13(6): 1578. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13061578 Chatzistathis T., Kavvadias V., Sotiropoulos T., and Papadakis I., 2021, Organic fertilization and tree orchards, Agriculture, 11(8): 692. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11080692 ChmelíkováL., Schmid H., Anke S., and Hülsbergen K., 2021, Nitrogen-use efficiency of organic and conventional arable and dairy farming systems in Germany, Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 119: 337-354. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-021-10126-9
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