Plant Gene and Trait 2025, Vol.16, No.4, 162-172 http://genbreedpublisher.com/index.php/pgt 169 is no different. The growth of its leaves and the amount of its biomass are both directly related to the light it receives. Different forest land structures, such as mixed forests or intercropping methods, combined with reasonable thinning, can also help the crops under the forest obtain a better light environment. In this way, light can be utilized better and the output can also increase accordingly. This indicates that when designing a system where multiple plants are grown together, it is necessary to consider the light requirements of each crop and appropriately adjust the shape of the tree canopy and the distribution of light, so that different crops can coexist and grow better. However, in actual operation, it is still quite difficult to achieve a reasonable distribution of light. Because each crop has different light requirements, some prefer strong light while others are suitable for weak light. If the light is too strong or too weak, it may cause crops to grow poorly, and even fruits may not grow at all. Moreover, if a large number of trees or grass are planted in the forest, the structure of the tree crowns, the combination of species and the intensity of tree cutting all need to be carefully considered. Otherwise, the light may be unevenly distributed, and the crops may compete with each other instead. Especially for some herbaceous plants and saplings under the forest, they may also have the problem of “grabbing territory” due to changes in light and temperature. Therefore, these situations should be taken into account when managing forest land. Future research can start from several directions. First, it is necessary to further clarify exactly how strong the light and which color of light different forest floor crops prefer, and to understand their responses to light from a physiological perspective. Secondly, we can develop light regulation models suitable for growing multiple crops together to help us better plan the structure and management methods of the forest. Thirdly, in the context of increasingly severe climate change, it is also necessary to study how factors such as light, temperature, and soil moisture jointly affect crops, and find ways to make the system as a whole more adaptable to the environment. Finally, it would be best to combine some new sensors and models to monitor and adjust light in real time, so that the forest farmers’ system can be both efficient and sustainable. Acknowledgments GenBreed Publisher appreciates the modification suggestions from Dr. Qin on the manuscript of this study. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The author affirms that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Ávila-Lovera E., Blanco H., Móvil O., Santiago L., and Tezara W., 2020, Shade tree species affect gas exchange and hydraulic conductivity of cacao cultivars in an agroforestry system, Tree Physiology, 41(2): 240-253. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpaa119 Baciu E., Baci G., Moise A., and Dezmirean D., 2023, A status review on the importance of mulberry (Morus spp.) and prospects towards its cultivation in a controlled environment, Horticulturae, 9(4): 444. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9040444 Baligar V., Elson M., He Z., Li Y., Paiva A., Almeida A., and Ahnert D., 2020, Light intensity effects on the growth, physiological and nutritional parameters of tropical perennial legume cover crops, Agronomy, 10(10): 1515. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10101515 Chanotra S., Bhat M., Attri M., and Kapoor S., 2024, Mulberry based integrated cropping system: an ideal approach for effective utilization of land resources in Sericulture, International Journal of Agriculture Extension and Social Development, 7: 36-39. https://doi.org/10.33545/26180723.2024.v7.i4sa.523 Cifuentes L., and Moreno F., 2022, Trait coordination at leaf level explains the resistance to excess light stress in shade-tolerant tropical tree species, Tree Physiology, 42(7): 1325-1336. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpac014 De Pauw K., Sanczuk P., Meeussen C., Depauw L., De Lombaerde E., Govaert S., Vanneste T., Brunet J., Cousins S., Gasperini C., Hedwall P., Iacopetti G., Lenoir J., Plue J., Selvi F., Spicher F., Uria-Diez J., Verheyen K., Vangansbeke P., and De Frenne P., 2021, Forest understorey communities respond strongly to light in interaction with forest structure, but not to microclimate warming, The New Phytologist, 233(1): 219-235. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.17803 Feng J., Zhao K., He D., Fang S., Lee T., Chu C., and He F., 2018, Comparing shade tolerance measures of woody forest species, PeerJ, 6: e5736. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5736
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