Plant Gene and Trait 2025, Vol.16, No.4, 152-161 http://genbreedpublisher.com/index.php/pgt 156 point is that if the blades can maintain turgor pressure, they are less likely to shrivel. With these indicators, the leaves of tea plants can continue photosynthesis, cells can function normally, the picking period can be prolonged, and the yield and grade of tea leaves will naturally increase. Moreover, in some extreme climates, such as extremely hot or dry conditions, these tea tree varieties also perform more stably, have lower planting risks, and are suitable for long-term development. 6 Effects of Cultivation Management on Functional Stability 6.1 Irrigation timing and water management techniques Drought will cause the photosynthesis of tea plant leaves to deteriorate, reduce chlorophyll, and slow down the growth of new shoots. Eventually, it will affect the yield and quality of tea. To alleviate this situation, watering in a timely manner is very useful. Reasonable irrigation can help tea plants resume growth, especially during hot and dry summer days, which is conducive to maintaining the normal function of leaves and stabilizing the yield (Hasan et al., 2023). Therefore, mastering when to water and how to water is the key to managing tea gardens in summer. 6.2 Shade regulation and canopy structure optimization Shading planting can control the intensity of light, help tea trees adjust the shape and internal composition of their leaves, and sometimes even increase the content of amino acids and caffeine in tea leaves. However, if too much is covered, the photosynthesis of the leaves will decline, the synthesis of sugar will decrease, and the leaf temperature may increase instead. This will instead make the tea plant more heat-sensitive (Sano et al., 2018; Yamashita et al., 2020). By adjusting the canopy of tea trees, such as using the method of umbrella-shaped pruning, the environment of the tea garden can be improved, the activity of soil enzymes and the types of beneficial microorganisms can be increased, making tea trees more adaptable to high temperatures and also increasing the content of some useful components (Jiang et al., 2023). 6.3 Role of nutrient management in heat resistance Nutrient management is also very important, especially the proper combination of elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium. Organic fertilizer substitution can also help improve the health of the soil and tea trees. When the nutrient supply is sufficient, substances such as amino acids and polyphenols in tea leaves will increase, and tea trees will be more heat-resistant (Tang et al., 2022; Zhou et al., 2022; Zhu et al., 2024). Adjusting soil pH and using organic farming methods can improve the soil environment, increase the utilization rate of fertilizers, and also enhance the quality of tea (Jia et al., 2024; Liu et al., 2025). Furthermore, some new types of foliar fertilizers or bio-fertilizers can also activate the self-protection ability of tea plants, enabling the leaves to function more stably at high temperatures (Lagoshina et al., 2021a; Lagoshina et al., 2021b). 7 Modulating Effects of Environmental and Soil Factors on Field Response 7.1 Influence of altitude, slope, and topographic conditions The higher the altitude, the lower the temperature and the greater the air humidity. Such an environment helps increase the amino acid content in tea, making the flavor of the tea better. Studies have found that with the increase of altitude, the amino acids in tea will gradually increase, but the change of catechins is to decrease first and then increase, the change trend of phenolic acids is similar, and the content of flavonol glycosides basically does not change much (Ran et al., 2023). In addition, the slope and terrain can also affect the growth of tea trees. Water on sloping land is prone to flow away, especially after rain, when soil moisture and nutrients fluctuate greatly, and the root environment is also easily affected. In order for the leaves to grow well, the management methods need to be adjusted according to the terrain (Ye et al., 2024). 7.2 Soil type and water-holding capacity in regulating rhizosphere conditions The type of soil also has a significant impact on the taste and composition of tea. For instance, there are more aromatic substances (such as linalool and phenylethanol) in paddy soil, but the content of amino acids is lower than that in red soil and yellow soil, while catechins and flavonoid glycosides are actually higher (Ran et al., 2023). The organic matter, pH level and water retention capacity in the soil can affect the environment around the roots, such as nutrient supply and the types of microorganisms. These factors will all affect the resistance of tea
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