Plant Gene and Trait 2025, Vol.16, No.3, 133-141 http://genbreedpublisher.com/index.php/pgt 140 However, there is currently no one-size-fits-all fertilization plan. Different soils, climates and tomato varieties may require different fertilization times and ratios. In addition, how to optimize the management of nitrogen fertilizer and water simultaneously remains to be further studied. In the future, we can pay attention to new technologies such as AI intelligent fertilization and soil nitrogen sensors. They may help us achieve real-time regulation of nitrogen fertilizer, making fertilization more accurate and environmentally friendly. Future research can also give more consideration to how these techniques can be combined and the long-term effects of staged fertilization on tomato quality and ecology. Acknowledgments The authors appreciate the comments from Dr. Duan on the manuscript of this study. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Ayankojo I., and Morgan K., 2021, Optimizing tomato growth and productivity using nitrogen and irrigation application timing, Agronomy, 11(10): 1968. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11101968 Bello A., Huda A., Alsafran M., Jayasena V., Jawaid M., Chen Z., and Ahmed T., 2024, Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) yield response to drip irrigation and nitrogen application rates in open-field cultivation in arid environments, Scientia Horticulturae, 334: 113298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113298 Cao J., Zheng X., Xie D., Zhou H., Shao S., Zhou J., and 2022, Autophagic pathway contributes to low-nitrogen tolerance by optimizing nitrogen uptake and utilization in tomato, Horticulture Research, 9: uhac068. https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhac068 Du Y., Zhang Q., Cui B., Sun J., Wang Z., Ma L., and Niu W., 2020, Aerated irrigation improves tomato yield and nitrogen use efficiency while reducing nitrogen application rate, Agricultural Water Management, 235: 106152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106152 Fan H., Zhang Y., Li J., Jiang J., Waheed A., Wang S., Rasheed S., Zhang L., and Zhang R., 2023, Effects of organic fertilizer supply on soil properties, tomato yield, and fruit quality: a global meta-analysis, Sustainability, 15(3): 2556. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032556 Fan M., Qin Y., Jiang X., Cui N., Wang Y., Zhang Y., Zhao L., and Jiang S., 2022, Proper deficit nitrogen application and irrigation of tomato can obtain a higher fruit quality and improve cultivation profit, Agronomy, 12(10): 2578. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12102578 Fidler M., Perez-Lugones D., and Gómez C., 2025, Effect of nitrogen concentration on compact tomato and pepper plants during production and fruiting phases, HortTechnology, 35(1): 52-61. https://doi.org/10.21273/horttech05519-24 Hernández V., Hellín P., Fenoll J., and Flores P., 2020, Impact of nitrogen supply limitation on tomato fruit composition, Scientia Horticulturae, 264: 109173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109173 Li C., Li Y., Cui D., Li Y., Zou G., Thompson R., Wang J., and Yang J., 2022, Integrated crop-nitrogen management improves tomato yield and root architecture and minimizes soil residual N, Agronomy, 12(7): 1617. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12071617 Li H., Liu H., Gong X., Li S., Pang J., Chen Z., and Sun J., 2020, Optimizing irrigation and nitrogen management strategy to trade off yield, crop water productivity, nitrogen use efficiency and fruit quality of greenhouse grown tomato, Agricultural Water Management, 245: 106570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106570 Liang K.W., 2024, Sustainable sugarcane cultivation: the impact of biological nitrogen fixation on reducing fertilizer use, Field Crop, 7(4): 191-200. Liu R., Yang Y., Wang Y., Wang X., Rengel Z., Zhang W., and Shu L., 2020, Alternate partial root-zone drip irrigation with nitrogen fertigation promoted tomato growth, water and fertilizer-nitrogen use efficiency, Agricultural Water Management, 233: 106049. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106049 Luo J., Yang Z., Zhang F., and Li C., 2023, Effect of nitrogen application on enhancing high-temperature stress tolerance of tomato plants during the flowering and fruiting stage, Frontiers in Plant Science, 14: 1172078. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1172078 Mao X., Gu J., Wang F., Wang K., Liu R., Hong Y., Wang Y., and Han F., 2024, Yield, quality, and nitrogen leaching of open-field tomato in response to different nitrogen application measures in northwestern China, Plants, 13(7): 924. Masood S., Zhao X., and Shen R., 2020, Bacillus pumilus promotes the growth and nitrogen uptake of tomato plants under nitrogen fertilization, Scientia Horticulturae, 272: 109581. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109581
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