Plant Gene and Trait 2025, Vol.16, No.1, 39-46 http://genbreedpublisher.com/index.php/pgt 42 balance in plants, thereby promoting the generation and accumulation of polysaccharides. Yang et al. (2022) demonstrated that these results indicated a complex relationship between hormone signals and secondary metabolites. 4.2 Role of hormones in flavonoid and polyphenol metabolic pathways The expression of genes such as chalcone synthase (CHS) and flavonol synthase (FLS), which are related to flavonoid synthesis, is affected by hormone signals, and hormone signals can be regulated by environmental factors such as light intensity. The research by Chen et al. (2020b) found that blue light can promote the accumulation of total flavonoids and polyphenols in Anoectochilus roxburghii. This might be because blue light enhances the expression of these key genes through hormonal pathways (Figure 2) (Zhang et al., 2020). The participation of mycorrhizal fungi can also change the hormone levels in plants, thereby increasing the content of flavonoids, indicating that hormones play a bridging role between fungal action and flavonoid synthesis. Figure 2 The flavonoid biosynthetic pathway inA. roxburghii (Adopted from Zhang et al., 2020) 4.3 Regulation of medicinal component content by hormone types and concentrations Han et al. (2020) found in their research that the medicinal components such as flavonoids and polysaccharides in Anoectochilus roxburghii can be affected by the types and concentrations of hormones. The changes in hormone signals can lead to alterations in the expression of genes related to secondary metabolism under different environmental conditions. Specific light exposure can significantly increase the content of flavonoids and polysaccharides by adjusting hormone balance. The interaction between Anoectochilus roxburghii and endophytic fungi can also promote the accumulation of these active components through hormonal pathways. Wang et al. (2018) hold that to enhance the medicinal value of Anoectochilus roxburghii, precise regulation of hormones is required. 5 Molecular Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation inAnoectochilus roxburghii Metabolism 5.1 Roles of hormonal signaling pathways inAnoectochilus roxburghii Hormone signaling pathways regulate many physiological activities, including the synthesis of secondary metabolites such as anthocyanins (Zeng et al., 2017). Yuan et al. (2024) ’s recent research found that light intensity can affect the hormone levels in plants, thereby influencing the synthesis of anthocyanin glycosides. Hormone regulation helps Anoectochilus roxburghii adapt to changes in the external environment, indicating that hormone signals are an indispensable part of its metabolic regulation. 5.2 Hormonal regulation of key enzyme gene expression inAnoectochilus roxburghii Metabolism In the study conducted by Aerts et al. in 2020, it was demonstrated that light intensity can affect the expression of genes such as chalkeone synthase (CHS), flavonol synthase (FLS), and flavonoid 3’-monooxygenase (F3’h),
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzNA==