Plant Gene and Trait 2025, Vol.16, No.1, 1-14 http://genbreedpublisher.com/index.php/pgt 10 Figure 3 Carotenoid accumulation and AcCCD4 expression during fruit ripening in ‘Yugafu’, (Yu) and ‘Yonekura’ (Yo) (Adopted from Nashima et al., 2022) Image caption: (a) Flesh appearance. (b) Carotenoid content. (c) AcCCD4 relative gene expression. Three biological replicates for each sample were examined to determine carotenoid quantities and conduct gene expression analysis. Error bars indicate SE. VIO, violaxanthin; cis-VIO, 9-cis-violaxanthin; LUT, lutein; ZEA, zeaxanthin; BCR, β-cryptoxanthin; ACA, α-carotene; BCA, β-carotene (Adopted from Nashima et al., 2022) This work provides practical molecular markers for modern pineapple breeding and accelerates the breeding of high-quality new varieties. More importantly, the discovery of RNAi controlling leaf shape has opened up a new path for regulating plant structural traits, which is not only applicable to pineapples, but also provides theoretical support and technical inspiration for the morphological improvement of other crops. It can be seen that the flow and cooperation of global germplasm resources are constantly driving the pineapple industry to develop in a precise, efficient and diversified direction.
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