Plant Gene and Trait 2024, Vol.15, No.6, 275-284 http://genbreedpublisher.com/index.php/pgt 279 Figure 2 Phenotypic codes and pictures for sweet potato germplasm (Adopted from Luo et al., 2023) 6 Environmental and Agronomic Factors Influencing Genetic Diversity 6.1 Effects of different environmental conditions on sweet potato genetic diversity Environmental conditions such as climate and soil significantly influence the genetic diversity of sweet potato. For instance, sweet potato genotypes exhibit varying degrees of adaptation to different environmental conditions, which is crucial for breeding programs aimed at improving crop resilience. Studies have shown that sweet potato genotypes can be selected based on their performance across multiple environments, incorporating traits such as yield, quality, and plant architecture (Rosero et al., 2023; Liu and Chen, 2024). Additionally, the genetic diversity of sweet potato is influenced by the specific environmental conditions of the regions where they are cultivated. For example, sweet potato accessions from Korea, Japan, Taiwan, and the USA showed distinct genetic clusters, indicating that regional environmental conditions play a role in shaping genetic diversity (Lee et al., 2019). 6.2 Impact of agronomic management and cultivation practices Agronomic management and cultivation practices also have a profound impact on the genetic diversity and performance of sweet potato. Practices such as fertilization, crop protection, and rotational designs can influence crop yield and nutritional quality. For example, organic fertilization has been shown to result in higher concentrations of phenolics and other nutritionally desirable phytochemicals in crops, while also reducing the concentrations of toxic metals like cadmium and nickel (Rempelos et al., 2023). Moreover, the selection of sweet potato genotypes based on multi-trait indices and stability analysis helps in identifying superior varieties that perform well under different agronomic conditions (Rosero et al., 2023). This approach ensures that the selected genotypes are not only high-yielding but also stable across various environmental conditions, thereby maintaining genetic diversity.
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