Plant Gene and Trait 2024, Vol.15, No.6, 305-313 http://genbreedpublisher.com/index.php/pgt 308 significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) linked to starch content in a mapping population of purple-fleshed sweet potatoes. These markers, particularly those located on homologous group 15, were found to have a positive effect on starch accumulation, with the gene IbGBSSI playing a crucial role in amylose biosynthesis (Haque et al., 2023). Additionally, somaclonal variation has been employed to create genetic variability, leading to the development of somaclones with significantly higher starch content compared to their parent varieties. This method has proven effective in increasing both the fresh and dry weights of tubers, as well as upregulating key starch-synthesis-related genes (Adly et al., 2023). These advanced breeding techniques, including the use of molecular markers and somaclonal variation, provide a robust framework for enhancing starch content in sweet potatoes. Figure 1 Morphological characteristics of Agrosavia Aurora (0113-672COR), (a) plant morphology, (b) storage root shape, (c) root flesh (Adopted from Rosero et al., 2023) 5.2 Breeding for increased vitamin A content Increasing the vitamin A content in sweet potatoes is another vital breeding goal, particularly for addressing malnutrition in regions with high vitamin A deficiency. Orange-fleshed sweet potatoes (OFSP) are a primary focus due to their high beta-carotene content, a precursor of vitamin A. Studies have shown that genotype selection plays a significant role in enhancing beta-carotene levels. For example, certain OFSP genotypes, such as Ininda, Gloria, and Amelia, have demonstrated higher yields and beta-carotene content across different agro-climatic zones, indicating their potential to alleviate vitamin A deficiency (Lamaro et al., 2023). Furthermore, breeding programs that are responsive to market segment needs and demographic changes have been recommended to maximize the impact of these nutritional improvements. By targeting regions with high stunting rates and vitamin A deficiency, breeding programs can develop varieties that not only meet nutritional needs but also address gender inequalities and poverty (Ojwang et al., 2023). These strategies underscore the importance of a multifaceted approach in breeding sweet potatoes for enhanced vitamin A content, combining genotype selection with socio-economic considerations. 6 Case Studies of Sweet Potato Breeding for Environmental Adaptability and Stress Resistance 6.1 Genetic basis of adaptability traits The genetic basis of adaptability traits in sweet potato is crucial for developing varieties that can withstand
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