Plant Gene and Trait 2024, Vol.15, No.5, 265-274 http://genbreedpublisher.com/index.php/pgt 272 The breeding of stress-tolerant kiwifruit necessitates a multidisciplinary approach that integrates genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and advanced breeding techniques. The identification of stress-responsive genes and their regulatory networks requires comprehensive molecular studies, as demonstrated by the genome-wide analyses of various transcription facto families. Moreover, physiological and biochemical assessments are essential to understand the practical implications of these genetic modifications, as seen in studies on salt and waterlogging tolerance. Collaborative efforts across disciplines, including plant physiology, molecular biology, and bioinformatics, are crucial to develop robust kiwifruit cultivars capable of withstanding multiple environmental stresses. The future of kiwifruit breeding lies in the continued integration of advanced molecular techniques with traditional breeding practices. The insights gained from recent studies provide a solid foundation for developing stress-tolerant kiwifruit varieties. However, the complexity of stress responses and the need for multi-stress tolerance pose significant challenges. Future research should focus on the holistic understanding of stress tolerance mechanisms and the development of multi-stress-resistant cultivars. Enhancing global fruit crop resilience will require not only scientific innovation but also practical implementation strategies that consider the diverse environmental conditions faced by growers worldwide. By fostering interdisciplinary collaborations and leveraging cutting-edge technologies, the kiwifruit industry can achieve sustainable production and contribute to global food security. Acknowledgments We extend our sincere thanks to two anonymous peer reviewers for their invaluable feedback on the initial draft of this paper, whose critical evaluations and constructive suggestions have greatly contributed to the improvement of our manuscript. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Abid M., Gu S., Zhang Y., Sun S., Li Z., Bai D., Sun L., Qi X., Zhong Y., and Fang J., 2022, Comparative transcriptome and metabolome analysis reveal key regulatory defense networks and genes involved in enhanced salt tolerance of Actinidia (kiwifruit), Horticulture Research, 9: uhac189. https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhac189 PMid:36338850 PMCid:PMC9630968 Abid M., Zhang Y., Li Z., Bai D., Zhong Y., and Fang J., 2020, Effect of Salt stress on growth, physiological and biochemical characters of four kiwifruit genotypes, Scientia Horticulturae, 271: 109473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109473 Bai D., Li Z., Gu S., Li Q., Sun L., Qi X., Fang J., Zhong Y., and Hu C., 2022, Effects of kiwifruit rootstocks with opposite tolerance on physiological responses of grafting combinations under waterlogging stress, Plants, 11(16): 2098. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11162098 PMid:36015401 PMCid:PMC9416424 Bao W., Zhang X., Zhang A., Zhao L., Wang Q., and Liu Z., 2019, Validation of micrografting to evaluate drought tolerance in micrografts of kiwifruits (Actinidia spp.), Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 140: 291-300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-019-01727-y Commisso M., Negri S., Bianconi M., Gambini S., Avesani S., Ceoldo S., Avesani L., and Guzzo F., 2019, Untargeted and targeted metabolomics and tryptophan decarboxylase in vivo characterization provide novel insight on the development of kiwifruits (Actinidia deliciosa), International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(4): 897. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20040897 PMid:30791398 PMCid:PMC6413197 Farooqi M., Nawaz G., Wani S., Choudhary J., Rana M., Sah R., Afzal M., Zahra Z., Ganie S., Razzaq A., Reyes V., Mahmoud E., Elansary H., El-Abedin T., and Siddique K., 2022, Recent developments in multi-omics and breeding strategies for abiotic stress tolerance in maize (Zeamays L.), Frontiers in Plant Science, 13: 965878. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.965878 PMid:36212378 PMCid:PMC9538355
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