Plant Gene and Traits 2024, Vol.15, No.3, 108-117 http://genbreedpublisher.com/index.php/pgt 113 Figure 3 Schematic representation of conventional breeding and the designed NPBT for trait improvement (Adopted from Bull et al., 2018) Image caption: Panel (A) shows the traditional pathway for breeding recessive traits, requiring multiple cross-generations to achieve homozygosity in a farmer-preferred genotype, often taking several years. Panel (B) illustrates the application of NPBTs, specifically genome editing for accelerated flowering and segregation in crop improvement. This includes steps like Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and screening of mutant populations in controlled environments, highlighting the efficiency and speed of achieving T-DNA-free progeny with desired mutations (Adapted from Bull et al., 2018) 5.2 Genetic engineering and CRISPR/Cas9: advances in genetic modifications to enhance starch yield and quality Recent advances in genetic engineering, particularly CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis, have opened new avenues for modifying starch biosynthesis pathways to enhance yield and quality. For instance, the targeted modification of genes like PROTEIN TARGETING TO STARCH (PTST1) and GRANULE BOUND STARCH SYNTHASE (GBSS) has been shown to significantly alter amylose content in cassava starch (Bull et al., 2018).
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