Plant Gene and Traits 2024, Vol.15, No.3, 118-128 http://genbreedpublisher.com/index.php/pgt 126 This study has highlighted several key contributions to the fields of conservation biology and forestry. The study underscores the importance of integrating ex situ and in situ conservation approaches to maintain genetic diversity. This integration ensures that both living collections and natural populations are preserved, enhancing the resilience of tree species. The development of genetic monitoring techniques has been pivotal in understanding and managing genetic variation within tree populations. These techniques help in tracking changes over time and provide insights into the adaptive potential of species. The convergence of quantitative genetics and genomics has revolutionized tree breeding, enabling more precise and efficient selection of desirable traits. This has significant implications for improving tree resilience and productivity. The study emphasizes the need for global collaboration and the establishment of comprehensive databases to facilitate the sharing of genetic information and resources. This is critical for advancing research and conservation efforts worldwide. To further advance the field of tree genetics, the following recommendations are proposed. Continued investment in genetic research is essential. This includes expanding genomic studies to cover a wider range of tree species, particularly those in tropical and under-researched regions. Strengthening policies and regulatory frameworks to support the conservation and sustainable use of tree genetic resources is crucial. This includes implementing the Nagoya Protocol to ensure fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the use of genetic resources. Increasing efforts in education and capacity building will help equip the next generation of scientists and forest managers with the necessary skills and knowledge to address genetic conservation challenges. Leveraging modern technologies such as high-throughput genomics, remote sensing, and bioinformatics can enhance the precision and efficiency of genetic conservation and breeding programs. Engaging local communities and stakeholders in conservation efforts is vital. Their involvement can provide valuable insights and foster a sense of ownership and responsibility towards preserving tree genetic resources. By implementing these recommendations, we can ensure the continued conservation and innovative utilization of tree genetic resources, thereby safeguarding the ecological and economic benefits they provide for future generations. Acknowledgments We would like to express our gratitude to the two anonymous peer reviewers for their constructive suggestions on our manuscript. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Abeele S., Hardy O., Beeckman H., Ilondea B., and Janssens S., 2019, Genetic markers for species conservation and timber tracking: development of microsatellite primers for the tropical african tree species Prioria balsamifera and Prioria oxyphylla, Forests, 10(11): 1037. https://doi.org/10.3390/f10111037 Aravanopoulos F., 2016, Conservation and monitoring of tree genetic resources in temperate forests, Current Forestry Reports, 2: 119-129. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40725-016-0038-8 Barnes J., and Delborne J., 2021, The politics of genetic technoscience for conservation: The case of blight-resistant American chestnut, Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, 5: 15181540. https://doi.org/10.1177/25148486211024910 Barnhill-Dilling S., and Delborne J., 2019, The genetically engineered American chestnut tree as opportunity for reciprocal restoration in Haudenosaunee communities, Biological Conservation, 232: 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2019.01.018 Cao H., Vu G., and Gailing O., 2022, From genome sequencing to CRISPR-based genome editing for climate-resilient forest trees, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(2): 966. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23020966 PMid:35055150 PMCid:PMC8780650 Chen Y., and Lu J., 2020, Application of CRISPR/Cas9 mediated gene editing in trees, Hereditas, 42(7): 657-668.
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