Plant Gene and Trait 2024, Vol.15, No.1, 15-22 http://genbreedpublisher.com/index.php/pgt 17 Figure 2 The basic flow of GWAS (Adopted from Uffelmann et al., 2021) 2.3 Identification and validation of candidate genes The identification and validation of candidate genes is a crucial step in genome-wide association study, which helps researchers identify potentially functional genes associated with target traits. In GWAS, SNPS identified by association study are typically located in the genome and may involve multiple genes. In order to identify specific functional genes, researchers need to conduct further identification and validation (Pang et al., 2020). The identification of candidate genes usually includes the following steps: Firstly, SNPS highly correlated with target traits are identified based on the results of association study, and then candidate genes around these SNPS are identified by genome annotation and other methods (Pang et al., 2020). Subsequently, bioinformatics tools and experimental validation techniques are used to perform functional analysis and validation of these candidate genes to determine their association with target traits. In the verification process of candidate genes, researchers usually use a variety of methods to verify the relationship between candidate genes and target traits, including functional experiments (such as gene knockout, expression analysis, etc.), transgenic model construction and analysis, and population and family studies. Through these methods, researchers can verify the impact of candidate genes on target traits and further understand their mechanisms of action in biological processes. 3 Genetic Basis of Crop Disease Resistance 3.1 Discovery of disease-resistance related genes The genetic basis of crop disease resistance is a complex and diverse systematic trait, which is influenced by multiple genes and environmental factors. The discovery of disease-resistant genes is of great significance for understanding the genetic basis of crop disease resistance (van Esse et al., 2020). Through genome-wide association study (GWAS) and other methods, researchers have identified many genes associated with crop disease resistance. These genes can be divided into two types: direct resistance genes and genes regulating resistance response. Direct resistance genes encode resistance proteins and can interact with pathogens to trigger plant resistance response, while genes regulating resistance response affect plant recognition and signal transduction of pathogens and regulate plant immune response.
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzMg==