Molecular Plant Breeding 2025, Vol.16, No.5, 294-302 http://genbreedpublisher.com/index.php/mpb 299 Figure 2 The pepper growth promotion in different treatments in sandy soil and mountain soil during two growth seasons (Adopted from Liu et al., 2020) Image caption: (A) The pot experiment results in sandy soil during the first season (FS); (B) the pot experiment results in mountain soil during the FS; C) the pot experiment results in sandy soil during the second season (SS); D) the pot experiment results in mountain soil during the SS; the treatments of the greenhouse pot experiment were as follows: T0: adding 0.01% (w/w, dw) chopped rice straw with the size of 1-2 mm; T1: 0.01% (w/w, dw) solid fermentation products; T3: 0.03% (w/w, dw) solid fermentation products; T6: 0.06% (w/w, dw) solid fermentation products; AA: 20% (v/w, dw) amino acid solution; AT1: 20% (v/w, dw) amino acid solution and 1% (w/w, dw) BOF (w/w, dw); AT3: 20% (v/w, dw) amino acid solution and 3% (w/w, dw) BOF; AT6: 20% (v/w, dw) amino acid solution and 6% (w/w, dw) BOF; BT: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR-9-based BOF (stored in our lab); CK: chemical fertilizer (Adopted from Liu et al., 2020) 8 Challenges and Future Opportunities 8.1 Constraints in nutrient availability and consistency under organic farming In organic farming, the stability of nutrient supply is a major issue. The nutrient release rate of organic fertilizers is slower than that of chemical fertilizers, and they are easily affected by environmental factors such as temperature and humidity. This will cause certain stages of nutrient deficiency in the growth of Hangjiao pepper,
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