Molecular Plant Breeding 2025, Vol.16, No.5, 294-302 http://genbreedpublisher.com/index.php/mpb 294 CaseStudy Open Access Integrated Performance of Fertilization Regimes on Pungency and Disease Resistance in Hangjiao Pepper under Organic Cultivation Dandan Huang1, Xignzhu Feng1, Haimei Wang 1,2 1 Hainan Institute of Biotechnology, Haikou, 570206, Hainan, China 2 Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China Corresponding email: haimei.wang@hibio.org Molecular Plant Breeding, 2025, Vol.16, No.5 doi: 10.5376/mpb.2025.16.0030 Received: 19 Sep., 2025 Accepted: 21 Oct., 2025 Published: 31 Oct., 2025 Copyright © 2025 Huang et al., This is an open access article published under the terms of the creative commons attribution license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Huang D.D., Feng X.Z., and Wang H.M., 2025, Integrated performance of fertilization regimes on pungency and disease resistance in Hangjiao pepper under organic cultivation, Molecular Plant Breeding, 16(5): 294-302 (doi: 10.5376/mpb.2025.16.0030) Abstract This study mainly focuses on the effects of different fertilization methods on the pungency and disease resistance of Hangjiao pepper under organic cultivation conditions. It introduces the generation process of capsaicin, explains the disease resistance mode of Hangjiao pepper, analyzes the relationship between nutrient supply and secondary metabolites, compares the nutrient release characteristics and effects on soil microorganisms of several organic fertilizers and their combined use The regulatory effects of fertilization timing, frequency and environmental conditions on the pungency and disease resistance of Hangjiao pepper were also evaluated, and it was explored whether high pungency and strong disease resistance could occur simultaneously and the possible balance between them. This study aims to provide theoretical support and practical reference for achieving high yield, good quality and strong disease resistance of Hangjiao pepper in organic cultivation. Keywords Hangjiao pepper; Organic cultivation; Capsaicinoids; Fertilization regimes; Disease resistance 1 Introduction Hangjiao pepper is a common and important chili pepper variety in China and is widely grown in organic agriculture. Nowadays, many consumers prefer healthy food, so organic Hangjiao peppers that are free of pesticide residues and of good quality are very popular. However, in organic farming, problems caused by insufficient soil nutrients, continuous cropping and disease stress may be encountered, all of which can affect yield and quality (Gao et al., 2020; Zhang et al., 2024; Nagila et al., 2025). Therefore, to ensure the stable development of the Hangjiao pepper industry, it is necessary to improve the fertilization methods under organic conditions. The way of fertilization will directly affect the growth, fruit quality and disease resistance of Hangjiao peppers. Studies have found that organic fertilizers such as amino acid water-soluble fertilizers can not only make Hangjiao peppers grow well and have a high yield, but also significantly increase components such as capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, protein and vitamin C (Bakpa et al., 2021). Combining organic fertilizer with straw, or using microbial organic fertilizer or bio-organic fertilizer, can also improve the types of microorganisms in the soil, increase soil enzyme activity, reduce soil-borne diseases, and enhance disease resistance (Gao et al., 2020; Liu et al., 2020; Zhang et al., 2024). In addition, choosing the appropriate rootstock for grafting and combining it with organic fertilizer management can also enhance the ability of Hangjiao peppers to cope with adverse environments (Nagila et al., 2025). This study compared the effects of different organic fertilization methods on the pungency and disease resistance of Hangjiao pepper, and analyzed the mechanisms of action of multiple organic fertilizers and their combinations on growth, quality (especially spiciness) and disease resistance. This study aims to provide scientific basis and practical reference for achieving high yield, high quality and strong disease resistance of organic Hangjiao pepper. 2 Biological and Agronomic Basis of Pungency and Disease Resistance 2.1 Capsaicinoid biosynthesis pathways and influencing factors Capsaicinoids are secondary metabolites unique to the Capsicum genus, mainly giving fruits a pungent taste
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