Molecular Plant Breeding 2025, Vol.16, No.5, 278-286 http://genbreedpublisher.com/index.php/mpb 283 Figure 2 Chiral linalool contents in Yinghong No. 9 in different seasons and tissues (Adopted from Liu et al., 2025) Image caption: (A) (R)-Linalool and (S)-linalool contents in YJBT in different seasons. D.W., dry weight. (B) (R)-Linalool and (S)-linalool contents in Yinghong No. 9 fresh leaves in different seasons. F.W., fresh weight. (C) Schematic diagram of different Yinghong No. 9 tissues. (D) (R)-Linalool and (S)-linalool contents in different grades of YJBT; JYH, Jinyinghong; JMH, Jinmaohao; JH, Jinhao. (E) (R)-Linalool and (S)-linalool contents in different Yinghong No. 9 fresh leaf tissues collected in March 2024. Data are presented as the mean ± SD of three replicates. * , p ≤ 0.05; * *, p ≤ 0.01 (Adopted from Liu et al., 2025) 8 Challenges and Future Prospects 8.1 Technical challenges in linking genotype to phenotype for complex traits The aroma and flavor of tea plants are complex traits controlled by multiple genes and are also strongly influenced by the environment. This makes the precise association between genotype and phenotype very difficult. Although pan-genome and large-scale population genomics studies have identified the key alleles that affect flavor and revealed their relationships with chemical components, the genetic basis of complex traits has not yet been fully clarified. In particular, the effects of polygenic interaction, epigenetic regulation and environmental factors are still difficult to be comprehensively analyzed (Yu et al., 2020; Li et al., 2022b; Chen et al., 2023). In addition, tea plants have long adopted asexual reproduction, and their genomes are complex and have a high degree of heterozygosis, which also makes the development of molecular markers and the localization of functional genes more challenging (Zhang et al., 2021; Chen et al., 2023).
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