Molecular Plant Breeding 2025, Vol.16, No.4, 241-249 http://genbreedpublisher.com/index.php/mpb 247 10 Concluding Remarks Air humidity directly affects the accumulation of sugar in melon fruits. Generally speaking, when the air humidity is low, the content of soluble sugar in fruits will be higher, and the activities of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and sucrose synthase (SS) will also increase, which is conducive to sugar accumulation. Humidity changes can also indirectly affect the activity of enzymes related to sucrose synthesis and decomposition by regulating the synthesis of ethylene and the expression of some key transcription factors. For instance, some ethylene reaction factors (CmERFI-2, CmERFI-5, CmERFV-2) regulate genes related to glucose metabolism (such as CmSPS1, CmVINV2, CmACO1), thereby influencing the accumulation of sucrose and reducing sugars. In addition, the combination of temperature and humidity can also affect the activity of cell wall enzymes, which will change the taste of the fruit and the speed of sugar conversion. In recent years, environmental monitoring and automatic control technologies in greenhouses have developed rapidly. Now, air and soil humidity can be monitored in real time through sensors, and combined with automatic irrigation and ventilation systems, the growth environment of melons can be precisely controlled. This not only enables more timely regulation of humidity but also automatically adjusts the conditions according to the different growth stages of melons, ensuring better quality and yield of the fruits. In the future, research still needs to integrate environmental science, molecular biology and crop breeding to deeply understand how environmental factors such as humidity affect sugar accumulation at the molecular level. On the one hand, it is possible to continue studying the differences in the responses of various melon varieties to humidity to identify which varieties are suitable for precise humidity management in greenhouses. On the other hand, combining automated environmental control technology with molecular marker breeding is expected to achieve a complete technical chain of “environmental regulation - gene optimization - quality improvement”. Acknowledgments GenBreed Publisher thanks the two anonymous peer reviewers for their comments on the manuscript of this study. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Adinegara D., Hidayati R., and Perdinan D., 2017, Micro climate humidity in nursery and production various varieties melon (Cucumis melo L.) in PKHT Tajur II, Agromet, 31(1): 31-42. https://doi.org/10.29244/j.agromet.31.1.31-42 Albuquerque B., Lidon F.C., and Barreiro M.G., 2006, A case study on the flavor properties of melon (Cucumis melo L.) cultivars, Fruits, 61(5): 333-339. https://doi.org/10.1051/fruits:2006032 Buczkowska H., Sałata A., and Nurzyńska-Wierdak R., 2023, Melon (Cucumis melo L.) fruit yield under irrigation and mycorrhiza conditions, Agronomy, 13(6): 1559. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13061559 Dai N., Cohen S., Portnoy V., Tzuri G., Harel-Beja R., Pompan-Lotan M., Carmi N., Zhang G., Diber A., Pollock S., Karchi H., Yeselson Y., Petreikov M., Shen S., Sahar U., Hovav R., Lewinsohn E., Tadmor Y., Granot D., Ophir R., Sherman A., Fei Z., Giovannoni J., Burger Y., Katzir N., and Schaffer A., 2011, Metabolism of soluble sugars in developing melon fruit: a global transcriptional view of the metabolic transition to sucrose accumulation, Plant Molecular Biology, 76: 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-011-9757-1 Diao Q., Cao Y., Yao D., Xu Y., Zhang W., Fan H., and Zhang Y., 2022, Effects of temperature and humidity on the quality and textural properties of melon fruits during development and ripening, Molecular Plant Breeding, 13(22): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.5376/mpb.2022.13.0022 Durán-Soria S., Pott D., Osorio S., and Vallarino J., 2020, Sugar signaling during fruit ripening, Frontiers in Plant Science, 11: 564917. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.564917 Freilich S., Lev S., Gonda I., Reuveni E., Portnoy V., Oren E., Lohse M., Galpaz N., Bar E., Tzuri G., Wissotsky G., Meir A., Burger J., Tadmor Y., Schaffer A., Fei Z., Giovannoni J., Lewinsohn E., and Katzir N., 2015, Systems approach for exploring the intricate associations between sweetness, color and aroma in melon fruits, BMC Plant Biology, 15: 71. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-015-0449-x
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