Molecular Plant Breeding 2025, Vol.16, No.4, 221-230 http://genbreedpublisher.com/index.php/mpb 228 and both the quality and yield of tea can be improved. Shading can also regulate plant hormones, enhance the efficiency of photosynthesis and nutrient distribution, making tea plants more heat-tolerant and better able to utilize water and fertilizer resources. These achievements provide theoretical support and practical operation methods for tea gardens to achieve efficient and sustainable development. In the future, remote sensing technology can be used to monitor the light, temperature and soil moisture of tea gardens in real time, providing accurate data support for shading and irrigation. The intelligent irrigation system that utilizes artificial intelligence technology can automatically adjust the frequency of watering based on the weather and the growth of tea plants, achieving both water conservation and effectiveness. There is also an intelligent shading system that can automatically adjust the shading degree according to different weather conditions and the needs of the tea plants. These data-driven management tools will drive tea gardens to shift from traditional models to more precise, efficient and sustainable modern agriculture. Acknowledgments The authors appreciate the comments from Dr. Ying on the manuscript of this study. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Chen J., Wu S., Dong F., Li J., Zeng L., Tang J., and Gu D., 2021, Mechanism underlying the shading-induced chlorophyll accumulation in tea leaves, Frontiers in Plant Science, 12: 779819. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.779819 Chen J., Wu S., Mao K., Li J., Dong F., Tang J., Zeng L., and Gu D., 2023a, Adverse effects of shading on the tea yield and the restorative effects of exogenously applied brassinolide, Industrial Crops and Products, 197: 116546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2023.116546 Chen L., Miao W., Wang B., Chen S., Li L., Liu Z., Liu K., Nian B., Cai X., Jiang C., and Zhao M., 2023b, Integrated genome-wide chromatin accessibility and expression profile identify key transcription factors involved in bud endodormancy break in tea plants, Scientia Horticulturae, 317: 112022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2023.112022 Chen X., Ye K., Xu Y., Zhao Y., and Zhao D., 2022, Effect of shading on the morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics as well as the transcriptome of matcha green tea, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(22): 14169. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232214169 Elango T., Jeyaraj A., Dayalan H., Arul S., Govindadamy R., Prathap K., and Li X., 2023, Influ0ence of shading intensity on chlorophyll, carotenoid and metabolites biosynthesis to improve the quality of green tea: a review, Energy Nexus, 12: 100241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexus.2023.100241 Fang Z., Jin J., Ye Y., He W., Shu Z., Shao J., Fu Z., Lu J., and Ye J., 2022, Effects of different shading treatments on the biomass and transcriptome profiles of tea leaves (Camellia sinensis L.) and the regulatory effect on phytohormone biosynthesis, Frontiers in Plant Science, 13: 909765. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.909765 Fu X., Chen J., Li J., Dai G., Tang J., and Yang Z., 2022, Mechanism underlying the carotenoid accumulation in shaded tea leaves, Food Chemistry: X, 14: 100323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100323 Ge S., Wang Y., Shen K., Wang Q., Ahammed G., Han W., Jin Z., Li X., and Shi Y., 2024, Effects of differential shading on summer tea quality and tea garden microenvironment, Plants, 13(2): 202. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13020202 Han X., Shen Y., Wang Y., Shen J., Wang H., Ding S., Xu Y., Mao Y., Chen H., Song Y., Ding Z., and Fan K., 2023, Transcriptome revealed the effect of shading on the photosynthetic pigment and photosynthesis of overwintering tea leaves, Agronomy, 13(7): 1701. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13071701 Hao X., Tang H., Wang B., Wang L., Cao H., Wang Y., Zeng J., Fang S., Chu J., Yang Y., and Wang X., 2018, Gene characterization and expression analysis reveal the importance of auxin signaling in bud dormancy regulation in tea plant, Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 38: 225-240. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-018-9834-7 Hao X., Tang J., Chen Y., Huang C., Zhang W., Liu Y., Yue C., Wang L., Ding C., Dai W., Yang Y., Horvath D., and Wang X., 2024, CsCBF1/CsZHD9-CsMADS27, a critical gene module controlling dormancy and bud break in tea plants, The Plant Journal, 121(1): e17165. https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.17165 Hasan R., Islam A., Maleque M., Islam M., and Rahman M., 2023, Effect of drought stress on leaf productivity and liquor quality of tea: a review, Asian Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 9(4): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajsspn/2023/v9i4187
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