Molecular Plant Breeding 2025, Vol.16, No.3, 165-179 http://genbreedpublisher.com/index.php/mpb 174 identify new genetic targets and improve the drought tolerance of rice at multiple levels (Sircar and Parekh, 2019). The use of computational models and network-based approaches to analyze gene expression and protein interactions under drought stress can also help in identifying key regulatory networks and potential candidate genes for improving drought tolerance (Sircar and Parekh, 2019). Furthermore, integrating knowledge from different environmental stress responses, such as heat and salinity, can lead to the development of rice varieties with broad-spectrum stress resistance (Hadiarto and Tran, 2011). While significant progress has been made in understanding and breeding for drought resistance in rice, the complexity of the trait and the need for interdisciplinary collaboration remain major challenges. Advancing innovation and integration of molecular and breeding approaches will be essential for developing resilient rice varieties that can withstand the increasing threat of drought due to climate change. 8 Implications for Global Rice Production 8.1 Economic and food security implications Drought stress is a significant constraint to rice production, particularly in rainfed regions of Asia, Africa, and South America, leading to substantial economic losses and threatening food security (Oladosu et al., 2019; Panda et al., 2021). The potential elite haplotype of DROT1 in upland rice could originate in wild rice (O. rufipogon) and may be beneficial for breeding upland rice varieties (Sun et al, 2022). The development of drought-resistant rice varieties through molecular breeding and genetic engineering can mitigate these losses by stabilizing yields under water-deficit conditions (Hadiarto and Tran, 2011; Wang et al., 2022). Enhanced drought tolerance in rice can ensure a more reliable food supply, which is crucial for more than half of the world’s population that relies on rice as a staple food (Hadiarto and Tran, 2011; Wang et al., 2022). Economically, the adoption of drought resistant varieties can reduce reliance on irrigation, lower production costs, and boost the resilience of rice farming communities against climate variability (Serraj et al., 2011; Zhang et al., 2022). These advancements not only enhance food security but also provide economic benefits to vulnerable rice-growing regions, strengthening their capacity to withstand future climatic challenges. 8.2 Environmental and ecological considerations The introduction of drought-resistant rice varieties can have significant environmental benefits, particularly in regions facing water scarcity. By reducing the need for irrigation, these varieties can help conserve water resources, mitigating the pressure on overexploited aquifers and rivers (Farooq et al., 2009; Serraj et al., 2011). Additionally, drought-resistant rice can contribute to maintaining soil health and preventing land degradation by promoting sustainable agricultural practices (Farooq et al., 2009; Zhang et al., 2022). Molecular breeding techniques used to develop these varieties also minimize the need for chemical inputs like fertilizers and pesticides, thereby reducing the environmental footprint of rice production (Wang et al., 2022; Zhang et al., 2022). Furthermore, the ability of drought resistant varieties to thrive under stress conditions can enhance biodiversity in agricultural ecosystems by allowing a broader range of species to coexist in the farming ecosystem (Farooq et al., 2009; Hadiarto and Tran, 2011; Oladosu et al., 2019). By fostering a more diverse and resilient agricultural system, drought-resistant varieties contribute to ecological stability and environmental sustainability. 8.3 Policy and agricultural practice recommendations To fully leverage the advantages of drought-resistant rice varieties, it is essential to incorporate these advancements into both national and international agricultural policies. Governments should support research and development in molecular breeding and provide incentives for the adoption of drought-resistant varieties by farmers (Serraj et al., 2011; Oladosu et al., 2019). Policy frameworks should also focus on improving infrastructure for efficient water management and irrigation to complement the use of drought-resistant crops (Farooq et al., 2009; Serraj et al., 2011). Extension services and farmer education programs are crucial for widespread adoption of these new varieties. Comprehensive training and dissemination of knowledge on drought-resistant rice cultivation techniques will empower farmers to maximize yield and sustainability (Farooq et al., 2009; Oladosu et al., 2019). Additionally, international collaboration and funding can accelerate the development and distribution of drought-resistant rice, ensuring that these innovations reach the regions most vulnerable to water stress and food insecurity (Babu et al., 2003; Serraj et al., 2011).
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzNA==