Molecular Plant Breeding 2025, Vol.16, No.2, 125-132 http://genbreedpublisher.com/index.php/mpb 130 Figure 1 Validation of molecular markers closely linked to gynoecy trait (Adopted from Wang et al., 2023) Image caption: (A) The detection of Indel-3 in F2 individuals and monoecious plant. (B) Analysis of variation of CqNET4 in 25 chieh-qua materials (Adopted from Wang et al., 2023) 8.2 Integrating multi-omics approaches Integrating multi-omics approaches, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, can provide a comprehensive understanding of the genetic diversity and functional biology of Chieh-Qua. This holistic approach allows for the correlation of genetic variations with phenotypic traits and environmental interactions. For example, the study of maize germplasm using genome-wide SNP markers has demonstrated the value of such integrative approaches in characterizing population structure and genetic diversity (Lu et al., 2009; Zhang et al., 2016). Applying similar strategies to Chieh-Qua can uncover the complex networks of genes and pathways involved in important agronomic traits, thereby informing breeding programs and conservation efforts. 8.3 Implications for Chieh-Qua breeding and conservation The insights gained from genetic diversity studies have significant implications for the breeding and conservation of Chieh-Qua. Understanding the genetic basis of key traits, such as gynoecy, can lead to the development of high-yielding and disease-resistant varieties through marker-assisted selection and genomic selection. Additionally, characterizing the genetic diversity within Chieh-Qua germplasm collections can identify unique alleles and genetic resources that are crucial for maintaining genetic variability and resilience. The findings from maize germplasm studies, which highlight the importance of genetic diversity for breeding and conservation, can serve as a valuable reference for similar efforts in Chieh-Qua (Lu et al., 2009; Zhang et al., 2016). By leveraging genetic diversity, breeders can enhance the adaptability and sustainability of Chieh-Qua cultivation in various environmental conditions. Acknowledgments We are grateful to Professor Mr. Guan for their assistance with the helpful discussions during the course of this research.
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