Molecular Plant Breeding 2025, Vol.16, No.2, 119-124 http://genbreedpublisher.com/index.php/mpb 122 panicles there are, the higher the yield is usually, while there is no obvious positive correlation between the number of grains per panicle and the yield, and even a negative correlation trend in some cases. Taking Tailiangyou 217 as an example, it has the largest number of effective panicles (248 500 panicles/mu), and the final yield per mu reached 550.8 kg, with outstanding yield performance. However, Yongyou 1540 has the least number of effective panicles (159 100 panicles/mu). Although it has the highest number of grains per panicle (207.3 grains/panicle), the yield per mu is only 480.0 kg, indicating that the large number of grains per panicle cannot completely make up for the yield loss caused by the insufficient number of effective panicles. In addition, the thousand-grain weight of different varieties is not much different, indicating that in the continuous late rice planting environment in Rui'an City, the effect of thousand-grain weight on the final yield is relatively stable, and it will not play a decisive role in the yield like the number of effective panicles. The significant differences in the performance of different varieties indicate that genetic traits have a major impact on yield and growth characteristics. Teyou 1332 (Zhejiang Certified Rice 2018020) is an Indica hybrid late-season rice variety with short plants, a loose and moderate plant type, and strong tillering ability. It has long, slightly curved flag leaves, a light green leaf color, and no awns. The grains are long and slender, with bright yellow husks, showing good photosynthetic efficiency and strong adaptability in the field (Ni and Lin, 2021; Wu, 2021). It has a relatively long growth period of 133 days, matures late, and maintains green stems at maturity, showing good stress resistance. With a yield of 537.9 kg/mu, it ranked second among the tested varieties, demonstrating good yield potential and suitability for large-scale cultivation in Rui’an. However, it is highly susceptible to brown planthoppers, so integrated pest management should be strengthened during its promotion to ensure stable production. Huazheyou 261 (National Certified Rice 20210345) is a three-line hybrid rice variety with a short growth period of 130 days. It is characterized by early maturity, high yield, and high quality, and has advantages in market competitiveness (Bao et al., 2023). It has a moderate plant type, upright sword leaves, green leaf sheaths, medium to green leaves, upright second leaves, light yellow husks, and good color fading in the later stage. The yield per mu in this experiment was 510.6 kg, and the overall yield performance was good. Its rice quality meets the second level of the “Edible Rice Variety Quality” standard of the agricultural industry. The rice tastes chewy and has a light fragrance. It has a high market recognition and good commodity value. However, this variety has weak resistance to rice blast and bacterial blight. When promoting its planting, it needs to be combined with reasonable disease prevention and control measures to ensure stable yield. Yongyou 1540 (Zhejiang Certified Rice 2017014) is a late-season hybrid rice variety with the lowest yield in this experiment, only 480.0 kg/mu, mainly limited by the low number of effective panicles (159 100 panicles/mu). Although it has the highest number of grains per panicle (207.3 grains/panicle), the number of panicles is insufficient, resulting in a low overall yield, indicating that increasing the number of grains per panicle alone may not be able to make up for the yield loss caused by the low number of effective panicles. This type of variety has moderate plant height, sturdy stems, upright sword leaves, light green leaves, large panicles and many grains. In the later stage, the green stalks turn yellow and the rice color is bright yellow. It performs well in the field and has good adaptability (Liu et al., 2024). However, in terms of rice quality, its comprehensive quality only reaches the third grade awarded by the Ministry of Quality of Edible Rice Varieties, and its market competitiveness is relatively average (Cai et al., 2018). Therefore, it is recommended to conduct further experiments to see how it performs under different planting and management conditions and find the most suitable area for promotion to give full play to its advantages. Teyou 217 (Zhejiang Certified Rice 2018011) is a two-line hybrid indica rice variety. It performed best in this experiment, with an annual yield of 550.8 kg per mu, ranking first among the four varieties. It has strong tillering ability and the largest number of effective panicles (248 500 panicles/mu), which is also the main reason for its high yield. From the perspective of plant morphology, the plant height is moderate, the sword leaves are straight, the leaves are wide, the panicles are large, the grains are long, the husks are bright yellow, and the overall growth
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