Molecular Plant Breeding 2025, Vol.16, No.1, 55-62 http://genbreedpublisher.com/index.php/mpb 60 6.3 Case studies in disease-resistant potato breeding Several case studies exemplify the successful application of genetic mapping and MAS in breeding disease-resistant potatoes. For instance, Beketova et al. (2021) reported the use of SCAR markers to select clones with Rpi genes, significantly reducing the workload in early-stage breeding. Another study focused on breeding lines with resistance to Potato virus Y (PVY), using DNA markers to identify and combine resistance genes from different wild species. This approach led to the development of breeding lines with enhanced resistance profiles (Voronkova et al., 2020). Bali et al. (2021) identified SNP, SSR, and INDEL markers linked to nematode resistance, facilitating the selection of resistant clones through MAS (Figure 3). These case studies highlight the practical benefits of integrating genetic mapping and MAS in breeding programs, leading to the development of disease-resistant potato varieties with improved agronomic traits. Figure 3 Representative gel slide showing 25 progenies (OR09007) PA99N82-4 X CO098067-7RU) scanned using three different markers (A) SB_MC1Chr11-INDEL4 (B)SB_MC1Chr11-SSR10 (C) SB_MC1Chr11-PotVar0066516. All three markers successfully differentiated nematode resistant and susceptible clones (Adopted from Bali et al., 2021) 7 Future Prospects for Genetic Mapping and MAS in Potato Breeding 7.1 Innovations in genomic and bioinformatics tools The future of genetic mapping and marker-assisted selection (MAS) in potato breeding is poised for significant advancements due to innovations in genomic and bioinformatics tools. High-throughput sequencing techniques, such as next-generation sequencing (NGS), have revolutionized the ability to analyze the complex potato genome, which is characterized by high heterozygosity and polyploidy (Bykova et al., 2017). The development of high-resolution melting (HRM) DNA markers and kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) assays has streamlined the identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with desirable traits, enhancing the precision of MAS (Meiyalaghan et al., 2019). The integration of transcriptome sequencing for dense marker discovery has shown promise in accelerating genomic selection by providing a comprehensive SNP dataset that covers the entire genome (Caruana et al., 2019). These advancements are supported by improved computational power and bioinformatics pipelines, which facilitate the analysis and interpretation of large genomic datasets, ultimately accelerating the breeding process. 7.2 Research directions in polygenic and complex traits Research in potato breeding is increasingly focusing on polygenic and complex traits, which are controlled by multiple genes and influenced by environmental factors. Traditional biparental mating designs and QTL mapping have limitations in capturing the full genetic architecture of these traits. Genomic selection (GS) has emerged as a powerful approach to address these challenges by predicting the breeding values of lines based on high-density marker scores and phenotypic data. This method incorporates all marker information into the prediction model, capturing the effects of small-effect QTLs and providing more accurate estimates of genetic potential. Studies have demonstrated the potential of GS to enhance genetic gain and reduce the breeding cycle, making it a valuable tool for improving complex traits such as disease resistance, yield, and tuber quality (Slater et al., 2017). Furthermore, the application of genome editing technologies, such as CRISPR-Cas9, offers new avenues for precise manipulation of polygenic traits, enabling the development of potato varieties with enhanced agronomic performance (Ahmad et al., 2022; Ma, 2024).
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