Molecular Plant Breeding 2025, Vol.16, No.1, 55-62 http://genbreedpublisher.com/index.php/mpb 56 2 Advancements in Genetic Mapping Technologies for Potato Breeding 2.1 Development and evolution of mapping techniques The development of genetic mapping techniques has significantly evolved over the years, particularly in the context of potato breeding. Initially, traditional methods such as linkage mapping were employed to identify genetic markers associated with desirable traits. These methods, although foundational, were often labor-intensive and time-consuming. The advent of molecular markers, such as simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), marked a significant leap forward, enabling more precise and efficient mapping of genetic traits (Ahmad et al., 2022). 2.2 Incorporation of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and genomics The incorporation of Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies has revolutionized genetic mapping in potato breeding. NGS allows for the rapid sequencing of entire genomes, facilitating the development of ultra-high-density genetic linkage maps. This has enabled the fine mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and the identification of candidate genes with unprecedented accuracy (Figure 1) (Jaganathan et al., 2020; Saidi and Hajibarat, 2020). Techniques such as genome-wide association studies (GWAS), whole genome resequencing (WGRS), and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) have become powerful tools for analyzing complex traits and developing molecular markers for traits such as drought tolerance (Yamakawa et al., 2021). The use of NGS-based forward genetic approaches has further streamlined the identification and mapping of causal mutations, enhancing the resolution of QTL mapping and enabling the precise determination of functional variations in genes. Figure 1 Various techniques followed for fine mapping during the pre- and post-NGS era and their impact on fine mapping (Adopted from Jaganathan et al., 2020)
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