Molecular Plant Breeding 2025, Vol.16, No.1, 1-12 http://genbreedpublisher.com/index.php/mpb 7 Continuing Table Trait Mapping pop QTL detected Chr. LOD score R²/% Add DE Left marker Right marker 2015F2 osi3.2 3 7.41 3.68 0.42 -0.09 M3-12 M3-15 2015F2 osi6.1 6 4.39 1.78 0.29 0.02 M6-5 M6-7 FL 2016F2 fl1.1 1 7.01 4.40 14.95 -6.22 MGA1 MGA4 2016BC1F1 fl1.1 1 3.75 4.59 11.19 - MGA2 MGA6 2016F2 fl1.2 1 48.30 38.81 46.60 -0.20 MGA10 MGA17 2016BC1F1 fl1.2 1 10.22 14.89 19.89 - MGA10 MGA18 2016F2 fl2.1 2 55.16 49.89 49.61 12.61 MGB3 M2-4 2016BC1F1 fl2.1 2 15.22 21.69 24.36 - MGB3 M2-5 2016F2 fl3.1 3 2.70 1.16 8.08 3.28 M3-15 M3-16 FD 2016F2 fd1.1 1 3.46 3.30 -1.22 -0.53 MGA2 MGA4 2016BC1F1 fd1.2 1 5.82 12.16 -4.77 - MGA10 MGA18 2016F2 fd1.2 1 26.48 27.06 -3.39 -1.00 MGA10 MGA17 2016F2 fd2.1 2 38.42 40.83 -4.16 0.06 MGB3 M2-4 2016BC1F1 fd2.1 2 14.21 33.14 -8.00 - MGB3 M2-5 2016F2 fd5.1 5 2.92 1.99 -0.94 0.33 M5-5 M5-8 FSI 2016F2 fsi1.1 1 14.46 9.06 0.77 -0.17 MGA2 MGA4 2016BC1F1 fsi1.1 1 7.01 6.64 0.50 - MGA2 MGA6 2016F2 fsi1.2 1 48.63 34.47 1.53 0.09 MGA10 MGA17 2016BC1F1 fsi1.2 1 15.61 18.58 0.82 - MGA10 MGA18 2016F2 fsi2.1 2 63.42 50.94 1.72 0.49 MGB3 M2-4 2016BC1F1 fsi2.1 2 27.04 31.06 1.08 - MGB3 M2-5 2016F2 fsi3.1 3 2.72 1.10 0.18 0.28 M3-4 M3-7 Note: OL: Ovary length; OD: Ovary diameter; OSI: Ovary index (OL/OD); FL: commercial fruit length; FD: Commercial fruit diameter; FSI: Fruit shape index (FL/FD); Add: Additive effect; DE: Dominance effect (Adopted from Gao et al., 2020) 5.2 Environment and genotype interactions The interaction between environment and genotype plays a significant role in the expression of QTLs. Studies have shown that QTLs can exhibit varying effects depending on environmental conditions. For example, Yağcioğlu et al. (2019) conducted QTL analysis for low temperature germination ability across five different environments and found that three QTLs were consistently detected, explaining a significant portion of the phenotypic variance. This highlights the importance of multi-environment trials in QTL mapping. Similarly, Pan et al. (2020) reported that the performance of the cucumber inbred line WI2757 varied under different field conditions, affecting the expression of QTLs for traits like flowering time and fruit number. These findings underscore the necessity of considering environmental factors when validating QTLs.
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