Molecular Plant Breeding 2024, Vol.15, No.6, 328-339 http://genbreedpublisher.com/index.php/mpb 336 concentrations may cause toxic effects (Zhang et al., 2020; Hasanuzzaman et al., 2022). For example, under cold stress, 5 mg/L sodium selenite was found to provide the most significant stress resistance effects, but higher concentrations could lead to adverse outcomes (Huang et al., 2018). Future research should focus on conducting field trials tailored to regional characteristics to identify optimal selenium application methods and strategies under varying environmental conditions. Moreover, leveraging modern sensing and monitoring technologies for real-time monitoring of selenium content and its effects throughout the strawberry production process could provide scientific evidence for optimizing selenium application schemes. 7.2 Evaluation of selenium efficiency under different cultivation conditions The efficacy of selenium in improving strawberry stress resistance and quality may vary significantly under different environmental and cultivation conditions. For instance, studies have shown that selenium nanoparticles can mitigate the effects of salinity and drought stress, promote growth, and enhance fruit quality (Zahedi et al., 2019; 2020; Liu et al., 2024). However, variations in soil type, climate conditions, and cultivation practices may influence the effectiveness of selenium application. In field conditions, regional differences in soil selenium content can lead to inconsistencies in the efficiency of selenium uptake by strawberries (Mimmo et al., 2017). Additionally, the efficiency of selenium absorption and utilization under different cultivation systems, such as soil-based, substrate-based, and hydroponic methods, requires further evaluation. Future research should emphasize field trials considering regional characteristics to explore optimal selenium application methods and strategies under diverse environmental conditions. The integration of modern sensing and monitoring technologies to achieve real-time tracking of selenium content and its effects throughout strawberry production can provide a scientific basis for refining selenium application schemes. 7.3 Exploration of molecular mechanisms enhancing strawberry quality through selenium The role of selenium in enhancing strawberry quality has been validated in numerous studies, but the underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms remain inadequately understood. For instance, it is unclear how selenium regulates metabolic pathways to influence the accumulation of sugars, acids, and secondary metabolites in strawberry fruits. In recent years, the application of metabolomics and transcriptomics technologies has provided new avenues for uncovering the molecular mechanisms of selenium action (Lin et al., 2024). Future research should integrate multi-omics analyses to investigate how selenium regulates the expression of key metabolic enzymes and related genes in strawberries, as well as their interaction networks. Additionally, the synergistic effects of selenium with plant hormone signaling pathways and its regulatory mechanisms on strawberry antioxidant capacity and quality enhancement deserve in-depth exploration. These studies will not only elucidate the molecular functions of selenium but also provide theoretical support for the development of more efficient selenium-enriched strawberry varieties and application techniques. 8 Concluding Remarks This study systematically analyzed the mechanisms and application progress of selenium (Se) in enhancing strawberry stress resistance and improving fruit quality. The findings indicate that Se effectively mitigates the adverse effects of salinity stress, heavy metal contamination, and drought stress on strawberries by improving plant growth, promoting photosynthesis, enhancing oxidative stress tolerance, and maintaining cellular membrane stability. Under salinity stress, Se strengthens salt tolerance through osmotic regulation and the enhancement of antioxidant systems. In the presence of heavy metal stress, Se significantly reduces toxicity by limiting metal absorption and boosting antioxidant enzyme activity. During drought stress, Se improves drought tolerance by increasing water use efficiency and antioxidant enzyme activity. Additionally, Se biofortification not only enhances the selenium content in strawberries but also promotes the accumulation of functional compounds such as flavonoids and polyphenols, optimizing sugar-acid balance and flavor characteristics.
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