Molecular Plant Breeding 2024, Vol.15, No.5, 259-268 http://genbreedpublisher.com/index.php/mpb 266 9.3 Expanding MAS to improve complex traits and biofortified crops Expanding the application of MAS to improve complex traits and biofortified crops is another promising prospect. Complex traits, such as yield, stress tolerance, and nutritional quality, are often controlled by multiple genes and are influenced by environmental factors. MAS, combined with high-throughput genotyping and phenotyping, can facilitate the selection of these complex traits by identifying and utilizing quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with them (Babu et al., 2004; Francia et al., 2005; Gupta et al., 2010). Moreover, MAS can be used to develop biofortified soybean varieties with enhanced nutritional profiles, such as increased protein content or improved fatty acid composition. This approach has already shown success in other crops, such as rice and wheat, where MAS has been used to incorporate traits like disease resistance and improved grain quality (Jena and Mackill, 2008). By leveraging the power of MAS, soybean breeding programs can achieve significant advancements in developing varieties that meet the nutritional needs of a growing population while also addressing environmental challenges. Acknowledgments The authors are deeply grateful to Dr. Xuanjun Fang, Director and Professor of Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources, for his careful review of the manuscript and for providing valuable suggestions for its improvement. The authors also sincerely thank the two anonymous peer reviewers for their constructive feedback and helpful suggestions. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Anderson E., Ali L., Beavis W., Chen P., Clemente T., Diers B., Graef G., Grassini P., Hyten D., McHale L., Nelson R., Parrott W., Patil G., Stupar R., and Tilmon K., 2019, Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] breeding: history, improvement, production and future opportunities, In: Al-Khayri J., Jain S., and Johnson D. (eds.), Advances in plant breeding strategies: legumes, Springer, Cham, Switzerland, pp.431-516. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23400-3_12 Araus J., Slafer G., Royo C., and Serret M., 2008, Breeding for yield potential and stress adaptation in cereals, Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 27: 377-412. https://doi.org/10.1080/07352680802467736 Babu R., Nair S., Prasanna B., and Gupta H., 2004, Integrating marker-assisted selection in crop breeding: prospects and challenges, Current Science, 87: 607-619. Bhat J., and Yu D., 2021, High‐throughput NGS‐based genotyping and phenotyping: role in genomics‐assisted breeding for soybean improvement, Legume Science, 3(3): e81. https://doi.org/10.1002/leg3.81 Boopathi N., 2020, Marker-assisted selection (MAS), In: Boopathi N. (ed.), Genetic mapping and marker assisted selection, Springer, Singapore, pp.343-388. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2949-8_9 Collard B., and Mackill D., 2008, Marker-assisted selection: an approach for precision plant breeding in the twenty-first century, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 363: 557-572. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.2170 Collard B., Collard B., Jahufer M., Brouwer J., and Pang E., 2005, An introduction to markers, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping and marker-assisted selection for crop improvement: the basic concepts, Euphytica, 142: 169-196. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-005-1681-5 Devi E., Devi C., Kumar S., Sharma S., Beemrote A., Chongtham S., Singh C., Tania C., Singh T., Ningombam A., Akoijam R., Singh I., Singh Y., Monteshori S., Omita Y., Prakash N., and Ngachan S., 2017, Marker assisted selection (MAS) towards generating stress tolerant crop plants, Plant Gene, 11: 205-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PLGENE.2017.05.014 Fields J., Saxton A., Beyl C., Kopsell D., Cregan P., Hyten D., Cuvaca I., and Pantalone V., 2023, Seed protein and oil QTL in a prominent Glycine max genetic pedigree: enhancing stability for marker assisted selection, Agronomy, 13(2): 567. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13020567
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