Molecular Plant Breeding 2024, Vol.15, No.5, 247-258 http://genbreedpublisher.com/index.php/mpb 254 Figure 2 QTL mapping on genetic linkage groups for growth traits inE. ulmoides (Adopted from Jin et al., 2020) Image caption: The red, green and blue bars denote QTLs associated with height, ground diameter and crown diameter, respectively. The hollow bars represent QTLs for growth rates. The thick bars and thin lines represent 1-LOD and 2-LOD confidence intervals for each QTL, respectively (Adopted from Jin et al., 2020) GS models have shown promise in improving growth traits in forest trees, including E. ulmoides. The effectiveness of GS was demonstrated in Eucalyptus, where prediction models for tree circumference and height growth achieved accuracies between 0.55 and 0.88, capturing 74%~97% of trait heritability (Resende et al., 2012). Similarly, Grattapaglia and Resende (2011) highlighted the potential of GS to revolutionize tree breeding by improving selection efficiency and shortening breeding cycles. These models can be adapted for E. ulmoides to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of selecting for growth traits. 7.2 Secondary metabolites Secondary metabolites in E. ulmoides, which are significant in pharmacology, contribute substantially to its economic value. Although specific QTLs for secondary metabolite content in E. ulmoides were not detailed in the provided studies, the methodologies used for growth traits can be adapted to identify QTLs for secondary metabolites. For instance, Jin et al. (2020) and Liu et al. (2022) utilized high-density genetic maps and QTL analysis to identified QTLs for growth traits, which can be similarly employed to map QTLs for secondary metabolite content. GS can significantly enhance the yield of secondary metabolites by capturing the genetic variance associated with these traits. The principles demonstrated in Eucalyptus for growth and wood quality traits (Resende et al., 2012) can be extended to secondary metabolites in E. ulmoides. By developing prediction models that incorporate genome-wide markers, it is possible to improve the selection accuracy for high-yielding genotypes, thereby accelerating the breeding process for enhanced metabolite production. 7.3 Yield-related traits Yield-related traits in E. ulmoides are critical for its commercial cultivation. Although the studies reviewed did not explicitly focus on yield traits, the methodologies used for growth traits can be adapted. For example, Jin et al.
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